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A Pattavali (From Sanskrit patta: seat, avali: chain), Sthaviravali or Theravali, is a record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders. They are thus spiritual genealogies.[1] It is generally presumed that two successive names are teacher and pupil. The term is applicable for all Indian religions, but is generally used for Jain monastic orders.
There are several famous pattavalis which are often used to establish historical chronologies:[2][3]
Glasenapp notes that although the chronological list mentioned in pattavali are valuable, it is not reliable.[4]
Pattavali states the lineage of Jain monks.[5]
According to 600 AD inscription at Sravanabelagola, Harivansha Purana, Jambuddvita Pannati and Kalpasutra, the Pattavali (lineage) after Mahavira, 24th tirthankara, is traced as follows.[6] Bhadrabahu was the last leader of the undivided Sangha. After him there were two branches in the lineage. In both branches, some of the oral tradition was gradually lost. The two branches eventually became the two traditions Digambaras and the Svetambaras, although formal recognition of the separation is encountered in the 5th century CE.[citation needed] Kalpasutra gives a lineage starting with Pushyagiri after Vajrasena ending with Kshamashramna Devarddhi, the president of the Vallabhi council. The canonical books of the Svetambaras were produced in writing in this Council. The Kalpasutra also mentions ganas and shakhas established by other disciples of Bhadrabahu, Sambhutavijaya, Mahagiri etc. The Brihat-Kharataragachchha pattavali gives the name of Chandra after Vajrasena, the lineage continues until Udyotana, the founder of Brihadgachcha.[citation needed]
According to Digambar tradition, the monastic lineage after bhadrabahu was:[7]
Arhadvali is said to have been the founder for the divisions of the Mula Sangha.
The lineage from Bhadrabahu according to Svetambara tradition is:[8]
According to Shwetambar tradition, the monastic lineage is[8]
