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((Short description|French conductor, organist and composer (1886–1979)))
[[File:Paul Paray.jpg|thumb|Paul Paray]]
((more citations needed|date=August 2014))
'''Paul Marie-Adolphe Charles Paray''' (((IPA-fr|pɔl paʁɛ|lang))) (24 May 1886 – 10 October 1979((citation needed lead|date = November 2022))) was a French [[Conducting|conductor]], [[organist]] and [[composer]]. He was the resident conductor of the [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra]] from 1952 until 1963.<ref>((cite book| author = Orenstein, Arbie | editor = Ravel, Maurice | date = 2003 | title = A Ravel Reader | chapter = | location = | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | page = 580 | url =  | access-date = ))((verification needed|date = November 2022))</ref>

==Early life and education==
Paul Paray was born in [[Le Tréport]], [[Normandy]], on 10 October 1886.((fact|date = November 2022)) His father, Auguste, a [[sculpture|sculptor]], organist at St. Jacques church, and leader of an amateur musical society, put young Paray in the society's [[orchestra]] as a [[drummer]].((fact|date = November 2022)) Later, Paray went to Rouen to study [[music]] with the [[abbot]]s Bourgeois and Bourdon, and [[Organ (music)|organ]] with Haelling, which prepared him to enter the Paris Conservatoire.((when|date = November 2022))((fact|date = November 2022))

==Career==
((multiple issues|section=yes|
((unreferenced section|date = November 2022))
((expand section | with = a more full treatment of his decade at the [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra|DSO]] | small = no | date = November 2022))
))
In 1911, Paray won the Premier Grand [[Prix de Rome]] for his [[cantata]] ''Yanitza''. Deprived of paper while a prisoner of war during [[World War I]], Paray composed his string quartet in E minor, and the piano suite ''D'une âme...'', both in his head, only writing them down from memory after the war. Once the war was over, Paray was invited to conduct the orchestra of the Casino de [[Cauterets]] in the [[Pyrenees]], which included players from the [[Lamoureux Orchestra]]. Casino de [[Cauterets]] was a springboard for him to conduct orchestras in Paris.((what|date = November 2022))((when|date = November 2022))

Paray would later serve as music director of the [[Monte Carlo Orchestra]].((when|date = November 2022)) In 1922, Paray composed music for the [[Ida Rubinstein]] ballet ''Artémis troublée''. That year he and the Spanish violinist [[Manuel Quiroga (violinist)|Manuel Quiroga]] premiered his Violin Sonata. In 1931, he wrote the ''Mass for the 500th Anniversary of the Death of Joan of Arc'', which was premiered at the cathedral in [[Rouen]] to commemorate the quincentenary of [[Joan of Arc]]'s [[martyr]] death. Paray became president of the [[Concerts Colonne]], and in 1935, he wrote his Symphony No. 1 in C major, which premiered there. Paray made his American debut with the [[New York Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra]] in 1939. He composed his Symphony No. 2 in A major in 1941.((where|date = November 2022))

In 1952, Paray was appointed music director of the [[Detroit Symphony Orchestra]], going on to conduct them in numerous recordings for the [[Mercury Records]]' "Living Presence" series. Paray left Detroit in 1963.<!--The following is earlier removed editorializing (see latest large redactive edit, in View history), and it is returned here as hidden text, so that it can be sourced, and the verifiable of its content added to this all-too-lean paragraph. "Paray could and did conduct the entire orchestral repertoire well, but he specialized in the French symphonic literature.  One of Paray's most renowned recordings, made in October 1957, is that of the Saint-Saëns' [[Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)|Symphony No. 3 in C minor "Organ"]]. The circumstances surrounding the recording were fortuitous. Paray had built the Detroit Symphony Orchestra into one of the world's most distinguished. [[Marcel Dupré]], a friend and fellow student from childhood, was organist for the session. Dupré, as a young student, had pulled the organ stops for the composer [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] in a performance of the Symphony No. 3 in Paris, and the organ of Ford Auditorium in [[Detroit]] was well suited to the work. As well as being among the most authoritative readings of the work, the original analogue recording on the Mercury label remains an audiophile reference in vinyl, and the analogue-to-digital transfer produced by the original recording director Wilma Cozart for compact disc is also available from Mercury (recording number 432 719-2)." This paragrpah contains much purported factual content. It is valueble if that content can be sourced. (Note, much of the rest of the article is likewise bankrupt of sourcing, so the content was not readded sans sources, per WP:VERIFY!)-->

Paray returned to France and maintained a healthy international guest-conducting career. He was in his tenth decade when he made his last conducting appearance in the United States, leading the Orchestra of the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. A report in ''Musical America'' noted:((full|date = November 2022))  "Now ninety-two, Paray brings to the podium not only a reputation as one of the great conductors of our time, but strength, energy, and a solid technique that have not diminished through the years."((cite quote|date = November 2022))

==Awards and recognition==
He was a National Patron of [[Delta Omicron]], an international professional music fraternity.<ref>[http://delta-omicron.org/index00.html Delta Omicron] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127130549/http://delta-omicron.org/index00.html |date=2010-01-27 ))((full|date = November 2022))</ref>((full|date = November 2022)) The government of France awarded him its highest honor, the [[Grand-Croix de la Légion d'honneur]], in 1975.((fact|date = November 2022))

==Personal life==
Paray heeded the call to arms and joined the French Army in World War I.((fact|date = November 2022)) In 1914, he was taken [[prisoner of war]] and held in [[List of prisoner-of-war camps in Germany#XVIII Army Corps (Frankfurt-am-Main)|Darmstadt camp]].((fact|date = November 2022))((refn|group=notes|name=WMU|Western Michigan University maintains a collection of images that include pictures of the prison camp at Darmstedt.<ref>((cite journal |title=General View of the Prison Camp at Darmstadt |journal=First World War Central Power Pow Camps |series=First World War Central Powers POW camps |date=January 1915 |url=https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/wwi_pow_camps/917/ |access-date=24 May 2018))</ref>)) 

Paray married Yolande Falck in Cassis, France, on 25 August 1942.((fact|date = November 2022)) He died in [[Monte Carlo]] in 1979, aged 93.((fact|date = November 2022))

==Selected works==
((unreferenced section|date = November 2022))
[[File:Artemis troublee by L. Bakst 01.jpg|thumb|200px|Sketch for ''Artémis troublée'' by Léon Bakst]]
;Stage
* ''Yanitza'', Scène lyrique d'après une légende albanaise (1911); poem by ((ill|Georges Spitzmuller|fr))
* ''Artémis troublée'', ballet by [[Ida Rubinstein]], costumes by [[Léon Bakst]] (1911–1912)

;Orchestral
* ''Symphonie d'archets'' for string orchestra (1919); orchestration of the string quartet
* ''Nocturne'' for chamber orchestra
* Symphony No. 1 in C major (1934)
* Symphony No. 2 in A major (1936)

;Concertante
* ''Fantaisie'' for piano and orchestra (1909)
* ''Humoresque'' for violin and chamber orchestra (1910)

;Chamber music
* Piano Trio (1905)
* ''Sérénade'' for violin (or flute) and piano (1908)
* Sonata in C minor for violin and piano (1908)
* ''Humoresque'' for violin and piano (or chamber orchestra) (1910)
* ''Nocturne'' for violin (or cello) and piano (1910)
* String Quartet in E minor (1919)
* Sonata No. 1 in B((music|flat)) major for cello and piano (1919)
* Sonata No. 2 in C major for cello and piano

;Piano
* ''Tarantelle''
* ''Scherzetto''
* ''Impromptu''
* ''Vertige''
* ''Incertitude''
* ''Entêtement''
* ''Berceuse''
* ''Valse-caprice'' (1906)
* ''Romance'' (1909)
* ''Portraits d'enfants'' (1910)
* ''Valse sur un thème de Franz Schubert'' (1911)
* ''Impressions'' (1912)
:#     Nostalgie
:#     Eclaircie
:#     Primesaut
* ''Reflets romantiques'' (1912)
:#     Avec esprit et charme
:#     Ardemment
:#     En rêvant
:#     Avec fougue
:#     Souple
:#     Léger
:#     Tender
:#     Energique
* Sept pièces (1913)
* ''Presto'' (1913)
* ''Prélude, scherzo et allegro''
* Thème et variations (1913)
* Prélude in F major (1913)
* ''Allegro'' (1913)
* ''Scherzo'' (1913)
* ''D'une âme...'' (1914)
* Pieces for piano 4-hands (1914)
* ''Éclaircie'' (1923)
* ''Prélude'' (1930)
* ''Allegretto''
* ''Prélude en mi bémol mineur''
* ''Prélude en fa mineur''
* ''Sur la mer''
* ''Valse en fa dièse mineur''
* ''Valse en fa mineur''
* ''Vertige''
* ''La vraie furlana''

;Vocal
* ''Nuit d'Italie'' for voice and piano; words by [[Paul Bourget]]
* ''Laurette'' for voice and piano; words by [[Alfred de Vigny]]
* ''Sépulcre'' for voice and piano; words by [[Leon Volade]]
* ''Paroles à la lune'' for voice and piano (1903); words by [[Anna de Noailles]]
* ''Panis Angelicus'' for voice and cello (1904)
* ''Dans les bois'' for voice and piano (1904); words by [[Gérard de Nerval]]
* ''La Promesse'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1910); words by [[Gabriel Montoya]]
* ''La Plainte'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1911); words by [[Lucien Paté]]
* ''Le Papillon'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1911); words by [[Jean Aicard]]
* ''Le Champ de bataille'' (1912); words by [[Théophile Gautier]]
* ''Trois Mélodies'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1912); words by [[Théophile Gautier]]
:#     Infidélité
:#     La Dernière feuille
:#     Serment
* ''Villanelle'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1912); words by [[Théophile Gautier]]
* ''Chanson violette'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1913); words by [[Albert Samain]]
* ''Le Chevrier'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1913); words by [[José-Maria de Heredia]]
* ''Il est d'étranges soirs'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1913) words by [[Albert Samain]]
* ''Viole'' for voice and piano (1913); words by Albert Samain
* ''In manus tuas'' for voice, oboe and organ (1914)
* ''Quatre poèmes de [[Jean Lahor]]'' for voice and piano or orchestra (1921)
:#     Après l'orage
:#     Adieux
:#     Après le bal
:#     Dèsir de mort
* ''Vocalise-étude'' for medium voice and piano (1924)
* ''Le Poèt et la muse'' for voice and piano; words by E. Thévenet
* ''L'Embarquement pour l'idéal'' for voice and piano; words by [[Catulle Mendès]]
* ''Mortes les fleurs'' for voice and piano; words by P. May
* ''Chanson napolitaine'' for voice and piano; words by P. May

;Choral
* ''Os Justi'', Offertorium for chorus and organ (1903)
* ''Acis et Galatée'', Cantata (1910)
* ''Jeanne d'Arc'', Oratorio (1913); words by [[Gabriel Montoya]]
* ''Salve Regina'' for chorus a cappella (1929)
* ''Messe du cinquième centenaire de la mort de Jeanne d'Arc'' (Mass for the Fifth Centenary of the Death of Joan of Arc) for soloists, chorus and orchestra (1931)
* ''Nuit tombante'' for chorus and orchestra
* ''Pastorale de Noël'' pour for soloists, chorus and orchestra
* ''Soleils de septembre'' for chorus and orchestra

==Notes==
((reflist|group=notes))

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.classicalnotes.net/columns/paray.html "A Frenchman in Detroit"]
*[http://www.paulparay.fr Cercle Paul Paray]
* A principled man from Le Treport - bio, insight and photos here http://www.normandythenandnow.com/a-principled-man-from-le-treport/

==Further reading==
* W.L. Landowski, ''Paul Paray, musician de France et du monde'', in series, ''Nos amis les musiciens'', Lyon: Éditions et impr. du Sud-est (1956).
* Bibliography (in French): Jean-Philippe Mousnier: "Paul Paray", Editions L'Harmattan (1998).


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((succession box | title=[[Lamoureux Orchestra|Principal Conductors, Lamoureux Orchestra]]((fact|date = November 2022)) | before=[[Camille Chevillard]] | years=1923&ndash;1928| after=[[Albert Wolff (conductor)|Albert Wolff]]
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((succession box | title=[[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra|Music Directors, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]]((fact|date = November 2022)) | before=none | years=1949&ndash;1950| after=[[Jean Martinon]]
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((succession box | title=[[Detroit Symphony Orchestra|Music Directors, Detroit Symphony Orchestra]]((fact|date = November 2022)) | before=[[Karl Krueger]] | years=1951&ndash;1962 | after=[[Sixten Ehrling]]
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((Detroit Symphony conductors))
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((DEFAULTSORT:Paray, Paul))
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:French male conductors (music)]]
[[Category:French expatriates in Israel]]
[[Category:French expatriates in the United States]]
[[Category:Prix de Rome for composition]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:People from Seine-Maritime]]
[[Category:20th-century French conductors (music)]]
[[Category:20th-century French male musicians]]

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