Hindu mantra introduced in the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad
The Pavamana Mantra (pavamāna meaning "being purified, strained", historically a name of Soma), also known as pavamāna abhyāroha (abhyāroha, lit. "ascending", being an Upanishadic technical term for "prayer"[1])
is an ancient Indian mantra introduced in the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad (1.3.28.)[2][3][4] The mantra was originally meant to be recited during the introductory praise of the soma sacrifice by the patron sponsoring the sacrifice.[5]
The more common modern translation differs slightly in the translation of the first line[citation needed]:
From falsehood lead me to truth,
From darkness lead me to light,
From death lead me to immortality.
These three statements are referred to as the three Pavamana Mantras. Some renderings — generally modern[6][7][8] — add ॐ (oṃ) at the beginning and/or ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः ॥ (oṃ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ, 'om peace peace peace') as a fourth line. This is a stylistic addition that concludes a recitation; as such it is often included with the verse. The Upanishad itself does not end the line that way.[2][4]
Sanskrit word meaning
asataḥ — "from falsehood"; ablative case of asat "falsehood", from a (negation) + sat "truth"; becomes asato due to sandhi; can be a synonym for "evil"[9]
sat — "to truth"; accusative case of sat "truth"; here accusative case shows the destination; becomes sad due to sandhi; can be a synonym for "good" [10]
tamasaḥ — "from darkness"; ablative case of tamas "darkness"; becomes tamaso due to sandhi
jyotiḥ — "to light"; accusative case of jyotis "light"; becomes jyotir due to sandhi
mṛtyoḥ — "from death"; ablative case of mṛtyu "death"; becomes mṛtyor due to sandhi
amṛtaṃ — "to immortality"; accusative case of amṛta "immortal", literally "not dead", from a (negation) + mṛta "dead"; becomes 'mṛtaṃ due to vowel elision.
The Sanskrit term sat, which means "truth" or "what is existing, real", has a range of important religious meanings including "truth" or "the Absolute, Brahman". The passage immediately following the mantra explicitly identifies the unreal and darkness with death and the real and light with immortality, saying that all three portions of the mantra have the same meaning of "Make me immortal."[4][5]
In the interpretation of Swami Krishnananda (1977), "From the nonexistent, from the unreal, from the apparent, lead me to the other side of it, the Existent, the Real, the Noumenon." According to this interpretation and in keeping with the philosophy of Vedanta, the text rejects the material world as "unreal", "dark" and "dead" and invokes a concept of the transcendental reality.[11]
Usage in culture
Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh "तमसोमा ज्योतिर्गमय"।
The quote has been used as an opening statement for the Economic Survey 2021[12] by Krishnamurthy Subramanian, who reports to the finance minister under the Narendra Modi Government.
In 2003, the mantra was worked into two pieces of the score for The Matrix Revolutions, Neodämmerung by Don Davis and Navras by Juno Reactor and used in the final battle scene and end credits of the film, respectively.[13]
^Swami Krishnananda, The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (1977) (swami-krishnananda.org) "The light that we see in this world is really a form of darkness, [...] all forms of life are forms of death only. They are not realities. The sunlight is not real light, because it is not intelligent. [...] So, the prayer is for a total rise from this involved, insufficient, conditioned 'being' to the absolutely independent, unconditioned 'Being' which is simultaneously Sat, Jyotir and Amrtam – Existence, Light, Enlightenment, Consciousness, Omniscience and Immortality. No rebirth is possible there".
^Economic Survey 2020-21 Volume 1 (Report). Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs Economic Division North Block. January 2021.
