Pearland (/ˈpɛərlænd/PEAR-land) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Brazoria County, with portions extending into Fort Bend and Harris counties. The city of Pearland is a principal city within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area. At the 2020 U.S. census, the city's population was 125,828,[5] up from a population of 91,252 at the 2010 census. Pearland's population growth rate from 2000 to 2010 was 142 percent, which ranked Pearland as the 15th-fastest-growing city in the U.S. during that time period, compared to other cities with a population of 10,000 or greater in 2000. Pearland is the third-largest city in the Greater Houston area after Houston and Pasadena, Texas.[6]
History
Pearland had its beginnings near a siding switch on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway in 1882. When a post office was established in 1893, the community was named "Mark Belt". On September 24, 1894, the plat of "Pear-Land" was filed with the Brazoria County courthouse by Witold von Zychlinski, a man of Polish nobility.[7] At the time Pearland had many fruits harvested by residents. Zychlinski saw the pear trees and decided that "Pearland" would make a good name for the community.[8]
In the 1800s, Pearland consisted of prairie. Residents harvested fruit and vegetables such as cantaloupes, corn, figs, pears and watermelons. Pearland was promoted by developers Allison & Richey Land Company as an "agricultural Eden". The first subdivision was called "Suburban Gardens".[citation needed]
The Galveston hurricane of 1900 and the Galveston hurricane of 1915 destroyed most of the city's fruit trees and slowed growth for a considerable period of time, and caused a period of desertification in the area. In 1914, with agriculture rebounding and the end of desertification, Pearland had a population of 400, but a devastating freeze in 1918 was another setback to the local farming enterprises. Oil was discovered nearby in 1934, which led to the development of the Hastings Oilfield, though it did not spur much growth, as the population fluctuated between 150 and 350. In the 1930s and 1940s, Pearland had many dance halls and beer joints that entertained people from the Hastings and Manvel oil fields.[8]
From the 1970s, the town has grown to its present-day population. By 1990, the city limits had extended into Harris County.[9] In the 1990s, home developers began buying large tracts of land, changing the geography of the city. Former rice fields filled with houses. The historic town center of Pearland is at the intersection of Texas State Highway 35/Main and Broadway. West Pearland has a lot of suburban development, while East Pearland has older houses and, according to Maggie Galehouse of the Houston Chronicle, Pearland's "rural roots still show" in the east side. Pearland's main east–west corridor is Farm to Market Road 518/Broadway.[8]
Geography
Pearland is within northern Brazoria County at 29°33′16″N95°17′45″W / 29.55444°N 95.29583°W / 29.55444; -95.29583 (29.554349, −95.295959), south of the city of Houston.[10] Portions of the city extend north into Harris County, and a smaller portion extends west into Fort Bend County. The city is bordered by Houston and Brookside Village to the north, by Manvel to the south, Almeda Rd/FM 521 to the west and by Friendswood to the east. Downtown Houston is approximately 16 miles (26 km) to the north of the city.[11]
According to the United States Census Bureau, Pearland has a total area of 47.5 square miles (122.9 km2), of which 47.0 square miles (121.8 km2) is land and 0.46 square miles (1.2 km2), or 0.94%, is water.[5] In 2009 the city reported that the combined area of the city limits and of nearby unincorporated areas, including Country Place and Silverlake, was 72 square miles (190 km2).[12]
At the 2010 United States census, the city's population was 91,252,[15] a 142% increase over the 2000 population of 37,640. Pearland's government stated in 2009 that the estimated population in the city limits was 91,000, and that city population and the population of nearby unincorporated areas, including Country Place and Silverlake, was 125,000 altogether.[12] As of the 2020 United States census, there were 125,828 people, 42,098 households, and 32,177 families residing in the city.
At the census of 2000,[3] there had been 37,640 people, 13,192 households, and 10,659 families residing in the city. The population density was 957.0 inhabitants per square mile (369.5/km2). There were 13,922 housing units at an average density of 354.0 per square mile (136.7/km2). The median income for a household in the city as of 2000 was $64,156, and the median income for a family was $70,748 (these figures had risen to $83,706 and $92,096 respectively as of a 2007 estimate).[16] Males had a median income of $49,359 versus $34,570 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,306. About 3.4% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.
The U.S. Census Bureau's 2019 estimates determined Pearland had 41,507 households with an average of 2.93 persons per household. Residents of Pearland had an owner-occupied housing rate of 75.9%. The median value of owner-occupied housing units was $244,800 and the median gross rent was $1,413.[17] The median household income from 2015 to 2019 was $104,504 and the per capita income was $42,211. Roughly 3.5% of the local population lived at or below the poverty line. The population density as of 2010 was 1,940.9 people per square mile.
Race and ethnicity
Pearland racial composition as of 2020[18] (NH = Non-Hispanic)[a]
The racial makeup of the city as of the 2010 census was 62.0% White, 16.4% African American, 0.5% Native American, 12.4% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 6.0% from some other race, and 2.7% two or more races. The Hispanic or Latino population, including persons of any race, was 20.5% of the total population, and non-Hispanic whites made up 48.8%.[15] In 2019, 39.0% of Pearland was non-Hispanic white, 14.7% Black or African American, 1.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 15.0% Asian, 0.9% multiracial, and 29.3% Hispanic or Latino of any race.[21] The racial makeup of the city in 2000 was 82.6% White, 5.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.6% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 6.1% "some other race", and 1.8% "two or more races". Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.2% of the population.[22] By 2010, the city became ethnically and racially majority minority. At least 62 languages are spoken in Pearland public schools.[8]
St. Helen Catholic Church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston was established in 1966. Its previous church building had a capacity of 900, it was building a new sanctuary,[24] with a capacity of 15,000 and a cost of $7 million. The expansion plans also added parking spaces and installed a bridal facility. The sanctuary construction was to begin fall 2002 and parking construction was to begin summer 2002. In 2002, 4,000 families were members,[25] and in 2016 this had increased to 6,000, making it the largest Catholic church in Brazoria County.[26] The property includes a K–8 school, St. Helen Catholic School.[27] There is another Catholic parish with property in the Pearland city limits; St. Luke the Evangelist Church maintains the Cenacle Learning Center (CLC) in Pearland,[28] while the main campus is in an unincorporated area in Harris County.[28][29]
New Harvest Christian Fellowship, a non-denominational church established in 1999 with 60 members, was established by Keith Anderson. It first held services at Challenger Elementary School before moving into a 100-seat, 3,600-square-foot (330 m2) worship center. On April 7, 2019, it was to convert the previous sanctuary into a youth ministry building and to open a new sanctuary. It is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention.[30]
Shadycrest Baptist Church's previous sanctuary had a capacity of around 270–275. By 2011 it was having a new 24,000-square-foot (2,200 m2) sanctuary built. The expected cost was $4,700,000.[31]
New Hope Church, an independent Christian church, started in Pearland in 1989 with 100 in attendance.[32] As of 2022, the church had grown to five campuses with over 10,000 worshippers.[33]
Chabad Pearland Jewish Center is the first Jewish center of worship in Pearland, established by Yossi and Esty Zaklikofsky in 2009. In addition to Pearland, it also serves Alvin and Friendswood.[34]
The Sri Meenakshi Temple in Pearland had its property purchased in 1978 and was established in 1979. Pat Turner of the Houston Chronicle wrote that the initial facility "was barely big enough for one person to stand in while performing worship services (pooja)."[35] New facilities were established circa 1995.[35] From its founding in 1979 to the opening of the Chabad Pearland Jewish Center in 2009, it was the only non-Christian place of worship in Pearland.
Rewake Inc., an independent Christian group, was founded in 2016 and chaired by Pastor Phil Brown. The group conducted services at the Bakfish Brewing Co. brewery in Pearland. Dana Burke of the Bay Area Citizen described it as non-traditional.[36]
The 5,900-square-foot (550 m2) Pearland Islamic Center, about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Farm to Market Road 518, is a part of the Islamic Society of Greater Houston. It began construction December 2010 with an anticipated completion time of May 2011.[37] It opened c. 2012. By 2016, the leadership was considering expanding the mosque, with June 2016 being the scheduled month of the start of construction. The mosque is on a 12-acre (4.9 ha) site.[38]
Pearland's labor force and job base grew substantially with its population growth. The number of jobs in the community grew from 9,169 in 2000 to 17,552 in 2008. The total labor force that resides in the community increased from approximately 20,000 in 2000 to 45,368 in 2010. A majority of the community's labor force commutes daily into the Texas Medical Center and other employment centers in the region.[6] Pearland also has many people employed by NASA at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.[6]
Pearland's economy in the 2010s has helped increase its healthcare and health-related workforce. Kelsey-Seybold Clinic's new 170,000-square-foot (16,000 m2) administrative office building in Shadow Creek Ranch was expected to open in the fall of 2013, with 800 employees. This follows two other medical manufacturing facilities: Cardiovascular Systems, which opened in 2010, and Merit Medical Systems, which began construction in 2011. The Merit project, 118,000 square feet (11,000 m2), provides facilities for 220 research and development employees.[39] By 2020, 50% of the city's economy relies on healthcare equipment manufacturing or medical research.[39]
Other employers are a reflection of Pearland's suburban economy, with the vast majority of it retail.
According to a 2020 Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in Pearland were:[40]
Pearland was one of two Texas cities to average double-digit growth in retail sales from 2004 to 2009, and its retail market was the state's fastest growing over the five-year periods ending 2009, 2010, and 2011.[41] Prominent mixed-use lifestyle and shopping complexes service residents with national retailers and dining establishments.[6]
Pearland Town Center – 1,100,000-square-foot (100,000 m2) lifestyle center. Opened in July 2008.
Shadow Creek Town Center – 640,265-square-foot (59,482.6 m2) retail and dining center.
The Spectrum District – Proposed developments include urban residential, office, and retail projects.
Reserve at SCR – Kelsey-Seybold, Memorial Herman and HCA
St. Luke's Emergency Center
Texas Children's Pediatrics[42] – Pearland's first free charity clinic named SEVA Clinic. The nonprofit serves as a walk-in clinic for primary care cases, such as diabetes, hypertension and other non-emergency cases. SEVA Clinic is housed inside the facilities of another local nonprofit serving the city named the Pearland Neighborhood Center and is located at 2335 N. Texas Avenue Pearland, TX 77581.[43]
Since 2015, "Wobble before you Gobble", Pearland's largest Annual Health Fair is hosted by the local community. Founded by a local Primary care Physician Dr Vishalakshmi Batchu, this health fair happens around the second or third week of November at Pearland Town Center. The event showcases several big and small healthcare facilities. Free health checkups, screenings, vaccinations, procedures, nutrition, lifestyle, are offered at the fair. Various fine arts clubs from local schools participate in the fair and showcase their talent in forms of singing, dancing, workouts, skits and exercises. Several workout specialists offer workout sessions including zumba, salsa, Bollywood, yoga and many more formats. The event is grassroots in nature, which means, it is organized by residents of Pearland.[44]
The United States Postal Service operates the Pearland Post Office at 3519 East Walnut Street and the Ofc. Endy Ekpanya Post Office at 2700 Cullen Boulevard.[47][48]
Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated Strawberry Health Center in Pasadena for ZIP code 77089 (Harris County Pearland). The nearest public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center.[49] Fort Bend County does not have a hospital district. OakBend Medical Center serves as the county's charity hospital which the county contracts with.[50]
Education
The Education Support Center, the headquarters of Pearland ISD
Most of the Fort Bend ISD portion is zoned to schools in Houston: Blue Ridge Elementary School,[53] McAuliffe Middle School,[54] and Willowridge High School.[55] A small area is zoned to schools in Missouri City: Parks Elementary School,[53] Lake Olympia Middle School,[54] and Hightower High School.[55]
South Belt Elementary School of Pasadena ISD is in the Pearland city limits.[56] Some of the Pasadena ISD portion is served by Moore Elementary School and the rest is served by South Belt Elementary School.[57] One part is served by Morris Middle School and Beverly Hills Intermediate while the other is served by Melillo Middle School and Thompson Intermediate School.[58][59] All Pasadena ISD residents in Pearland are zoned to Dobie High School (in Houston).[60]
The Clear Creek ISD portion is served by Weber Elementary School,[61] Westbrook Intermediate School,[62] and Clear Brook High School, all in unincorporated Harris County.[63]
The Houston ISD portion is served by Almeda Elementary School,[64] Lawson Middle School (formerly Dowling Middle School),[65] and Worthing High School (all in Houston).[66]
Located on the grounds of St. Helen Catholic Church, it previously had 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of space, but by 2019 its space increased to 75,000 square feet (7,000 m2) due to an expansion. As of 2019[update] it had 400 students.[27]
The Eagle Heights Christian Academy[67] is operated by the First Baptist Church and is located in Pearland on Pearland Parkway. It offers grades Pre-K–12.
Heritage Christian Academy is located in Pearland. First Christian Academy Pre-K–12th grade.
The Montessori School of Downtown is also an option for children Infant through 5th grade, with two locations in Pearland.
The Pearland Library at 3522 Liberty Drive is a part of the Brazoria County Library System. As of September 13, 2008 the library was closed for many months due to Hurricane Ike storm damage.[73] It reopened in March 2009.[74]
Transportation
Metro Park and Ride
On December 5, 2011, The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County purchased 15.26 acres (6.18 ha) of land near Hwy. 288 and FM 518 in the Pearland area for a future "Park and Ride" facility. Alan Parker Properties LP represented the seller, Carolyn and Frank Wenglar, in the $3.95 million land sale. Metro, which currently operates 29 Park and Rides throughout Harris County, said that the new facility will give Brazoria County residents another option for traveling to the Texas Medical Center and other downtown Houston destinations. The new facility was scheduled to begin operations in the fall of 2013, but property was given to the city in a cash swap. The city is exploring a private run service or other uses for the property.[75]
Pearland is served by State Highway 288 which connects the city to Houston. FM 518, locally known as Broadway, is the main east–west artery of the city. State Highway 35, locally called Main Street and known as Telephone Road, is the main north–south artery of the city. Given the spread out area, SH 288 serves the westernmost part of the city, while SH 35 serves the easternmost part as both connect Pearland to Houston (FM 865/Cullen Blvd also connects Houston as well in between).
The Texas State Highway Beltway 8 (Sam Houston Tollway) services the northern part of Pearland. It is located adjacent to the northern Brazoria County and southeastern Harris County border. It also serves as one of the largest tollways in the Houston area.[77]
^ ab"Home". St. Luke the Evangelist Church. Retrieved June 7, 2020. ST LUKE THE EVANGELIST CATHOLIC CHURCH | 11011 HALL RD, HOUSTON, TX [...] CENACLE LEARNING CENTER (CLC) | 1750 RIVERSTONE RANCH DR., PEARLAND, TX. 77089
^"Home". South Belt Elementary School. Retrieved November 10, 2019. 1801 Riverstone Ranch, Houston, Texas 77089 - The city name says "Houston, Texas" but the school is actually in the Pearland city limits. Compare these to the Houston city limitsArchived May 23, 2019, at the Wayback Machine
^"Annexations". City of Pearland. Retrieved April 24, 2018. The City's 2017 annexation procedures are complete, and 3 of the 5 areas originally proposed for incorporation are now a part of the Pearland City limits. Annexation of Areas A, C and L were approved by the Pearland City Council,[...] See: Map, Land Use, Survey Map.
^McCutcheon, Michael; Barone, Chuck (2013). 2014 Almanac of American Politics. The University of Chicago Press.
^ abcdAllbright, Lori (June 15, 2010). "PEARLAND, TX". tshaonline.org. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
^Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[19][20]
This list is incomplete. Houses in the community of Silverlake have Pearland, Texas street addresses, but are outside of the Pearland city limits. (*) It was in the Pearland city limits from November 27, 2017 until March 26, 2018.
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties ±Former CDP annexed by Missouri City ^Former CDP annexed by Sugar Land #Still active as a community, but is no longer listed as a census-designated place
