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((short description|26th President of Argentina))
((More citations needed|date=February 2016))
((family name hatnote|Aramburu|Silveti|lang=Spanish))
((Infobox officeholder
| birth_name          = Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti
| image               = Aramburu ca 1956.jpg
| nationality         = Argentine
| office              = [[President of Argentina]]
| status              = ''[[De facto government doctrine|De facto]]''
| appointer           = [[Revolución Libertadora|Military junta]]
| vicepresident       = [[Isaac Rojas]] ((nowrap|(''de facto'')))
| term_start          = November 13, 1955
| term_end            = May 1, 1958
| predecessor         = [[Eduardo Lonardi]] ((nowrap|(''de facto'')))
| successor           = [[Arturo Frondizi]]
| birth_date          = May 21, 1903
| birth_place         = [[Río Cuarto, Córdoba|Río Cuarto]], [[Córdoba Province, Argentina|Córdoba]], [[Argentina]]
| death_date          = ((Death date and age|1970|6|1|1903|5|21))
| death_place         = [[Carlos Tejedor, Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| death_cause         = Assassination
| resting_place       = [[La Recoleta Cemetery]]
| spouse              = Sara Lucía Herrera
| party               = [[Union of the Argentine People]]
| signature           = FirmaPedroAramburu.jpg
<!--Military service-->| nickname            = 
| allegiance          = ((flagu|Argentina|name=Argentina|size=23px))
| branch              = [[File:Seal of the Argentine Army.svg|23px]] [[Argentine Army]]
| serviceyears        = 1922–1958
| rank                = [[File:Teniente General del Ejército Argentino.png|23px]] [[Lieutenant general]]
| unit                = 
| commands            = 
| battles             = 
| awards              = 
| caption             = Aramburu in 1956
))

'''Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti''' (May 21, 1903 – June 1, 1970) was an [[Argentine Army]] general who was the dictator of Argentina from November 13, 1955, to May 1, 1958. He was a major figure behind the ''[[Revolución Libertadora]]'', the military coup against [[Juan Perón]] in 1955. He was kidnapped by the left-wing organization [[Montoneros]] on May 29, 1970, and assassinated as part of retaliation. He had been involved in the June 1956 execution of Army General [[Juan José Valle]]((Emdash))associated with the [[Peronism|Peronist movement]]((Emdash)) and 26 Peronist militants, after a botched attempt to overthrow his regime.

==Family==
Pedro Eugenio Aramburu Silveti was born on May 21, 1903, in [[Río Cuarto, Córdoba|Río Cuarto]]. Both of his parents were born in [[Spain]]. His father, Carlos Pantaleón Aramburu, was born in [[Zestoa]], [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]], while his mother, Leocadia Silveti, was born in Zuriáin, [[Navarre]].<ref>((Cite web |title=Genealogia Familiar |url=https://www.genealogiafamiliar.net/getperson.php?personID=I75165&tree=BVCZ))</ref> He had eight siblings.

==Military career==
*He studied at the [[National Military College]]
*1922: Sub-lieutenant
*1939: Major
*1943: War School Teacher
*1951: Brigadier
*War School Headmaster
*1955: Commander in Chief of the Army
*1958: Lieutenant general.

==President of Argentina==
He served as ''de facto'' president of Argentina from November 13, 1955, to May 1, 1958.

The ''Revolución Libertadora'' which overthrew [[Juan Perón]] was triggered in part by his actions towards the press, as well as the imprisonment of opposition leaders and economic instability. For example, Perón incited his followers to wreck the offices and printing presses of newspapers who criticized him and he jailed the leader of the opposition, [[Ricardo Balbin]], of the [[Radical Civic Union]] party.<ref>On Perón's incitement of his followers to violence against the press and his treatment of opposition leaders see Leslie E. Anderson, ''Social Capital in Developing Democracies:  Nicaragua and Argentina Compared'', New York, Cambridge University Press, 2010 esp Chap 3 and Susan and Peter Calvert, ''Argentina:  Political Culture and Instability'', Pittsburgh, PA:  University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989. Perón also undermined opposition voices from within his own party and tried to eliminate anyone who disagreed with him and might be a competitor for power within Peronism. On Perón's treatment of the opposition inside Peronism see Raanan Rein, ''In the Shadow of Perón:  [[Juan Atilio Bramuglia]] and the Second Line of Argentina's Populist Movement'', Translated by Martha Grenzeback, Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press, 2008.  Originally published as ''Juan Atilio Bramuglia:  Bajo la sombra del Lider.  La segunda linea del liderazgo peronista'' (Buenos Aires: Ediciones Lumiere, 2006).</ref>  The military Revolución Libertadora against Perón for these actions led to three years of military rule under Aramburu, who allowed elections to be held in [[1958 Argentine general election|1958]].

Aramburu's military government forced Perón into exile and barred the [[Peronist Party]] from further elections. Perón lived in exile in [[Spain]] until 1973.

He repealed the reelectionist and statist Constitution of 1949 and restored the validity of the historical text of 1853/60, a decision that was later validated by a constituent convention. He promised to hand over power as soon as possible to a president elected by the people. He made a public commitment that none of the military who held positions in his government would accept candidacies when elections were called.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/hoy-a-30-anos-del-secuestro-de-aramburu-nid18698/|title = Hoy, a 30 años del secuestro de Aramburu - LA NACION|newspaper = La Nación))</ref>

== Anti-Peronist political power ==
After the end of his presidential term in 1958, Aramburu retired from the military career and devoted himself entirely to politics.

He ran for president in [[1963 Argentine general election|1963]] as leader of the Union of the Argentine People (''Unión del Pueblo Argentino,'' UDELPA), with the slogan "Vote UDELPA and HE won't return" ("Vote UDELPA y no vuelve"), referring to Perón.

With the Peronists banned, the Presidential elections <!-- POV sources?? I don't think Aramburu had any agreement with Illian and the coup d'etat to the Illia seems to prove it::: founded a branch of the [[UCR]] (Union Civica Radical), that competed with Aramburu): being --> resulted in [[Arturo Umberto Illia]] becoming president, with Aramburu coming in third.

Yet the military retained much real power, [[censorship|censoring]] both Peronism and its leader. The fragility of Argentine democracy was shown when Illia was overthrown in [[Revolución Argentina|1966]] by a military coup led by General [[Juan Carlos Onganía]].

In 1970, Aramburu was mentioned as a possible presidential candidate.

== Death ==
On May 29, 1970, at noon, Aramburu was snatched from his apartment in [[Buenos Aires]] by two members of Montoneros posing as young army officers. Montoneros dubbed the kidnapping ''Operación Pindapoy'', after a company that produced [[citrus]] in the 1960s.<!--I guess the name is related to the fact that Aramburu was in charge of a regiment in Corrientes province at the time of the Revolucion Libertadora, but I've never found sources supporting this. Corrientes is the main producer of citrus in Argentina--> Aramburu's disappearance kept Argentinian society on tenterhooks for a month before it was discovered that Aramburu had been assassinated three days after his abduction, following a [[mock trial]] and his corpse hidden inside a farmhouse near [[Timote]], [[Carlos Tejedor Partido|Carlos Tejedor]], in [[Buenos Aires Province]]. He had been shot twice in the chest with two different pistols. [[Mario Eduardo Firmenich|Mario Firmenich]] took credit for the kidnapping and assassination.<ref>((cite news |title=Mario Firmenich Given Life In Prison |url=https://apnews.com/56faee9c904105caa104a70edd6bbff8 |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=Associated Press))</ref><ref>((Cite news|date=1970-07-18|title=Body of Argentina's Kidnapped Ex‐President Found|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/18/archives/body-of-argentinas-kidnapped-expresident-found.html|access-date=2021-09-20|issn=0362-4331))</ref>

In the following weeks, statements from Montoneros flooded the media. Their actions were a response to the executions of twenty-seven Peronist militants who took part in an unsuccessful coup d'état in 1956 (a retaliation).

== Legacy ==
Following his abduction and murder, Aramburu became a [[martyr]] for the anti-Peronist movement in Argentina.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/hoy-a-30-anos-del-secuestro-de-aramburu-nid18698/|title = Hoy, a 30 años del secuestro de Aramburu - LA NACION|newspaper = La Nación))</ref> For [[Peronism|Peronists]], on the other hand, Aramburu's assassination was a dream come true, and was considered a valid act of retaliation for the executions of [[Juan José Valle]] and [[Raúl Tanco]] after their failed uprising against the [[Revolución Libertadora]].

== See also ==
*[[History of Argentina]]
*[[List of solved missing person cases: pre-2000|List of solved missing person cases]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051215120714/http://www.infanteria.ejercito.mil.ar/formacion/EscueladeInfanteria/Pag%20Web%20Ec%20I/aramburu.htm Ejército Argentino (Spanish)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051030062932/http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/arl/pm/sample2/argentin/aramburu/index.html Some speeches of Aramburu]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050831141337/http://www.pais-global.com.ar/html/argentina/presidentesargentinos.htm Information about Presidents of Argentina (Spanish)]
*[http://www.clubdelprogreso.com/index.php?sec=04_05&sid=11&id=1710 Braden vs Peron confrontation (Spanish)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051207042140/http://www.stormpages.com/marting/montoneros.htm The official notices from Montoneros (Spanish)]
* [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7023918 Find-A-Grave profile for Pedro Eugenio Aramburu]

((S-start))
((s-off))
((Succession box| before = [[Eduardo Lonardi]]| title = [[President of Argentina]]|years= 1955&ndash;1958| after = [[Arturo Frondizi]]))
((S-end))
((Presidents of Argentina))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Aramburu, Pedro))
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1970 deaths]]
[[Category:Argentine people of Basque descent]]
[[Category:Argentine people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery]]
[[Category:People from Río Cuarto, Córdoba]]
[[Category:Presidents of Argentina]]
[[Category:Argentine generals]]
[[Category:Argentine anti-communists]]
[[Category:Assassinated Argentine politicians]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Argentina]]
[[Category:Kidnapped Argentine people]]
[[Category:People murdered in Argentina]]
[[Category:Leaders who took power by coup]]
[[Category:Terrorism deaths in Argentina]]
[[Category:Colegio Militar de la Nación alumni]]
[[Category:Kidnappings in Argentina]]
[[Category:Kidnapping in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Victims of body snatching]]
[[Category:South American politicians assassinated in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Assassinated presidents in South America]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in 1970]]

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