All six members of the Pegasus class of armed hydrofoilsThe patrol combatant missile hydrofoils USS Aquila (PHM 4), front, and USS Gemini (PHM 6), center, lie tied up in port with a third PHM. The Coast Guard surface effect ship (SES) cutter USCGC Shearwater (WSES 3) is in the background.
The Pegasus-class hydrofoils were a series of fast attackpatrol boats employed by the United States Navy. They were in service from 1977 until 1993. These hydrofoils carried the designation "PHM" for "Patrol Hydrofoil, Missile." The Pegasus-class vessels were originally intended for NATO operations in the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Subsequently, participation by other NATO navies, including Germany and Italy, ceased and the U.S. Navy proceeded to procure six PHMs, which were highly successful in conducting coastal operations, such as narcotics interdiction and coastal patrol, in the Caribbean basin.
History
In the late 1960s, NATO developed a requirement for a small, fast warship to counter large numbers of Warsaw Pactmissile boats, such as the Komar and Osa classes, deciding that a hydrofoil would be the best way to meet this requirement. In 1970 Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, the new Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), keen to increase the Navy's number of surface vessels in a cost-effective manner, committed the United States to the NATO program for a hydrofoil. The U.S. Navy proposed the PHM design as a NATO standard, with the program being led by the U.S. Navy, and an order placed for two prototypes in 1972.[1] The Italian Navy and the West German Bundesmarine signed letters of intent to participate in the programme, with other NATO navies, including the Royal Navy and Canadian Forces studying the project.[2] The U.S. Navy planned to buy up to 30 PHMs, with 10 to be purchased by West Germany and four by Italy.[2][3][4]
After Zumwalt's retirement, the Navy chose to funnel most of the money for the PHMs into larger vessels. This delayed the ongoing construction of Pegasus, and the other vessels were not started. Congress eventually forced the Navy to complete the vessels. The difficulties in project progression forced the other involved navies to abort their participation.
The Pegasus-class ships were powered by two 800 horsepower (600 kW) twin turbo-charged Mercedes-Benzdiesel engines when waterborne, using water jets (designed by Aerojet),[5] giving them a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph). When foilborne, the ships were powered by a General Electric LM2500 gas turbine and a very large water jet, giving them a speed of over 48 knots (89 km/h; 55 mph).
Pegasus ships were well armed for their size, carrying two four-rack RGM-84 Harpoonanti-ship missiles and an Oto Melara 76 mm gun. The Harpoons, specifically, were capable of sinking far larger ships at distances in excess of 60 nautical miles (110 km). The West German version would have carried the MM38 Exocet.
As Pegasus was constructed several years before the rest of the series, there are some slight differences, such as the fire-control system.
The technology was first pioneered by USS Tucumcari (PGH-2), where it successfully operated in Vietnam, but ultimately ran aground off Puerto Rico. It was judged to be more advanced than the Grumman Flagstaff which was built at the same time to the same requirements. The primary technology, also used in the Boeing Jetfoil ferries, used submerged flying foils with waterjet propulsion.
The ships were retired because they were not judged cost effective for their mission in a Navy with primarily offensive missions rather than coastal patrol. When in hydrofoil form, the ships would use 1000 gallons of fuel per hour. When in surface ship form, the ships would use 100 gallons of fuel per hour.[7][citation needed] USS Aries PHM-5 Hydrofoil Memorial, Inc. obtained Aries for rehabilitation as a memorial located on the Gasconade River in Gasconade, Missouri at 38°40′15″N91°33′10″W / 38.67083°N 91.55278°W / 38.67083; -91.55278. All other PHMs in the class were sold for scrap. In the early 2000s Gemini was converted into a yacht, but was abandoned by its owners in the 2010s and scrapped in 2017.[8]
List of ships
Pegasus (PHM-1) (9 July 1977 – 30 July 1993), formerly Delphinus
Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. ISBN1-55750-132-7.
United States Navy
