Pench National Park
Indira Priyadarshni National Park
IUCN category II (national park)
Location	Madhya Pradesh, India
Nearest city	Seoni
Coordinates	21°40′17.76″N 79°18′11.88″E / 21.6716000°N 79.3033000°E / 21.6716000; 79.3033000
Area	257.26 km2 (99.33 sq mi)[1]
Established	1975
Governing body	State Forest Department
Website	penchtiger.co.in

Pench National Park is a national park in India's Madhya Pradesh state, established in 1975 with an area of 257.26 km² (99.33 sq mi).^[1] It includes Pench Tiger Reserve and derives its name from the Pench River that flows through the park from north to south dividing the park into almost equal western and eastern halves, the well-forested areas of Seoni and Chhindwara districts respectively. It was declared a sanctuary in 1965, raised to the status of national park in 1975 and enlisted as a tiger reserve in 1992. In 1983 it was declared as National Park.^[2]

The national park consists of dry deciduous forests and much fauna and flora including tigers, various types of deer and birds.^[3] In 2011, the park won the "Best Management Award".^{[citation needed]} This park is accessible from Pauni on National Highway 44 and has two famous entry gates, Turia and Karmajhiri.^[4]

Geography

Pench National Park comprises 758 km² (293 sq mi), of which 299 km² (115 sq mi) form the park's core area and Mowgli Pench Sanctuary. The remaining 464 km² (179 sq mi) form the buffer zone. Elevation ranges from 425 to 620 m (1,394 to 2,034 ft). The protected area is covered with small hills and teak mixed forest in the southern reaches of the Satpura Range. The temperature varies from 4 °C (39 °F) in December to 42 °C (108 °F) in May. Average rainfall is 1,300 mm (51 in).

Vegetation

The forest cover in the park area includes teak mixed with other species like saja, bijiayasal, lendia, haldu, dhaora, salai, amla, amaltas. The ground is covered with maze of grasses, plants, bushes and saplings. Bamboo is also found at places. Scattered white kulu trees, also referred to as 'ghost tree', stand out conspicuously among the various hues of green. Another important tree for both wildlife and tribal people of this region is mahua. The flowers of this tree are eaten by mammals and birds, and also harvested by the tribal people as food and to brew beer.

Wildlife

Pench National Park hosts Bengal tiger, chital, sambar, nilgai, wild boar golden jackal, Indian leopard, sloth bear, Indian wolf, dhole, porcupine, Semnopithecus entellus, Rhesus monkey, jungle cat, striped hyena, gaur, four-horned antelope and barking deer. It is also harbours more than 210 bird species including several migratory ones. Some of them are Indian peafowl, junglefowl, Indian vulture, crow pheasant, crimson-breasted barbet, red-vented bulbul, racket-tailed drongo, Crested serpent eagle, Nisaetus cirrhatus, Indian roller, magpie robin, lesser whistling teal, pintail, shoveller, egret and herons, minivet, oriole, wagtail, munia, myna, waterfowl and common kingfisher.

In popular culture

Pench forest reserve, is one of the places that may have inspired Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.^[5]

The Pench National Park provided the location used by the BBC for the innovative wildlife series Tiger: Spy in the Jungle, a three-part documentary narrated by Sir David Attenborough which used concealed cameras, placed by elephants, in order to capture intimate tiger behavior and also retrieved footage of various other fauna in the reserve. The programme aired for the first time in March 2008 and ended a month later.