Penjaringan is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the westernmost subdistrict of North Jakarta. Muara Angke Port and the mouth of Sunda Kelapa Port are located within Penjaringan. Penjaringan contains the remnants of the original mangrove forest of Jakarta, some of which are protected by the Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary.
Penjaringan Subdistrict is crisscrossed with water-draining channels, canals, and water reservoirs to protect the land from sea flooding. The Cengkareng Drain, part of Jakarta's flood control system, flows to the sea through this subdistrict.
Penjaringan Subdistrict, especially within Penjaringan Administrative Village, contains several historic Dutch colonial buildings such as the remains of the city wall of Batavia and the 17th-century warehouses (now a Maritime Museum).
The boundaries of Penjaringan Subdistrict are Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa Port to the east, and Kamal Muara Road - Kapuk Raya Road to the south.
The coastal area of Penjaringan Subdistrict is one of the most historic areas in Jakarta. The mouth of the Ciliwung River was an important port in West Java. It was used as the main port of the kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran and Batavia. Around the 16th century, the Muara Angke (a coastal area to the west of old Batavia) was used by the Sultanate of Banten and the Sultanate of Demak as a strategic post to capture the port of Sunda Kelapa from the Portuguese.
In the 17th century, during the Dutch colonial era, the area that is now Penjaringan Administrative Village was developed into a ship docking area. Warehouses and shipbuilding facilities are built in this area, and some of these 17th-century structures still exist today (such as the now Museum Bahari and Galangan Kapal VOC, a former trade office built in 1628).
In the 18th century, local villages started to appear around the Dutch Batavia. Some of these villages, located within the port of Batavia, are today known as Kampung Luar Batang. Kampung Luar Batang is the location of the Luar Batang Mosque, established in 1739.
During the 1970s, because of insufficient capacity and the lack of facilities, a new fishing port called Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Jakarta (PPSJ) (also known as "Jakarta Fishing Port") was created on the west side of Sunda Kelapa Harbor, within Penjaringan Subdistrict. The feasibility and engineering study was done by Japan International Cooperation Agency from 1973 to 1979. The construction was divided into four phases which began in 1980 and was finished in 2002.[1]
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See also: Muara Angke mangrove forest and wildlife sanctuary |
Penjaringan contains some of Jakarta's original mangrove forest. Some of these mangrove forests are protected by the Muara Angke Wildlife Sanctuary (located at Kapuk Muara Administrative Village). Another protected mangrove forest in the Penjaringan Subdistrict is the privately-owned Angke Kapuk Nature Tourism Park (99.82 ha), which was given by the Jakarta government to PT Murindra Karya Lestari in an attempt to rehabilitate the area back into its original natural state.
On January 5, 2012, the new Muara Angke marina opened to service passenger ships plying routes between the Thousand Islands and the mainland.[2]
Being a low plain coastal area, Penjaringan is constantly threatened by flooding from high tide. In Penjaringan Administrative Village itself, a series of plans to reduce flooding has been planned, including settlement relocation, drainage improvement, and the construction of a dike.[3] Research about flooding has been done especially within Penjaringan Subdistrict.[4]
In 2008, seven dikes were installed within the Subdistrict of Penjaringan to protect the area from increasing levels of sea tide. The dike consists of Muara Baru dike, Muara Angke dike, Luar Batang dike, Pluit Reservoir, Kapuk Muara dike, Pelindo Harbor dike, and Mutiara Beach dike.[5]
The subdistrict of Penjaringan is divided into five kelurahan ("administrative villages"):
