Senator the Honourable
Penny Wong
Official portrait, 2021
Minister for Foreign Affairs
Assumed office
23 May 2022
Prime MinisterAnthony Albanese
Preceded byMarise Payne
Leader of the Government in the Senate
Assumed office
1 June 2022
Prime MinisterAnthony Albanese
DeputyDon Farrell
Preceded bySimon Birmingham
In office
27 June 2013 – 18 September 2013
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
DeputyJacinta Collins
Preceded byStephen Conroy
Succeeded byEric Abetz
Leader of the Opposition in the Senate
In office
18 September 2013 – 23 May 2022
DeputyStephen Conroy
Don Farrell
Kristina Keneally
LeaderBill Shorten
Anthony Albanese
Preceded byEric Abetz
Succeeded bySimon Birmingham
Minister for Finance and Deregulation
In office
14 September 2010 – 18 September 2013
Prime MinisterJulia Gillard
Kevin Rudd
Preceded byLindsay Tanner
Succeeded byMathias Cormann
Minister for Climate Change
In office
3 December 2007 – 14 September 2010
Prime MinisterKevin Rudd
Julia Gillard
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byGreg Combet
Senator for South Australia
Assumed office
1 July 2002
Preceded byChris Schacht
Personal details
Born
Penelope Ying-Yen Wong

(1968-11-05) 5 November 1968 (age 55)
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Citizenship
  • Malaysia (1968–2001)
  • Australia (1968–present)
Political partyLabor
Domestic partnerSophie Allouache
Children2
EducationUniversity of Adelaide (BA, LLB)
University of South Australia (LPC)
Signature
Websitepennywong.com.au
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese黃英賢

Penelope Ying-Yen Wong (born 5 November 1968) is an Australian politician who is serving as the current minister for Foreign Affairs and leader of the Government in the Senate in the Albanese government since 2022. A member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), she has been a senator for South Australia since 2002. Wong previously served as minister for Climate Change and minister for Finance and Deregulation during the governments of Prime Ministers Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard from 2007 until 2013.

Born in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia to a Chinese Malaysian father and an English Australian mother, Wong was educated at Scotch College in Adelaide, before attending the University of Adelaide, graduating with Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws degrees. Prior to beginning her political career, she worked as a lawyer and political advisor.[1] Wong entered politics by winning a Senate seat in the 2001 election.

Following Labor's victory in the 2007 election, she was appointed Minister for Climate Change, going on to lead for Australia at the landmark 2009 UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen. Following the 2010 election, Wong was moved to become Minister for Finance and Deregulation, and in June 2013, she was elected by her colleagues to become Leader of the Government in the Senate. Following Labor's defeat in the 2013 election, Wong held several roles in the shadow cabinets of both Bill Shorten and Anthony Albanese, serving as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate throughout. Upon Labor's victory at the 2022 election, Wong was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs, and resumed her role as Leader of the Government in the Senate.

Wong has been described by her biographer as "principled, intellectual, private, restrained and sane".[2] In 2008, she became the first Asian-Australian in an Australian Cabinet.[3] She was also the first female openly-LGBTI Australian federal parliamentarian, and was an instrumental figure in the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Australia in 2017, reversing her previous endorsement of Labor Party policy that had opposed it.[4][5][6][7][8] A 2022 study conducted by Roy Morgan Research found Wong to be the most trusted politician in Australia among respondents.[9]

Early life

Wong was born on 5 November 1968 in Kota Kinabalu, the capital of Sabah, which had become part of the Federation of Malaysia five years earlier.[10] Her parents were Jane (née Chapman), an English Australian whose forebears first reached South Australia on Cygnet in 1836,[11] and Francis Wong, a Malaysian Chinese man of Cantonese[12] and Hakka[13] origin who lived in Sandakan during the Japanese occupation of British Borneo.[14][15][16][17][18] Penny Wong's parents had met in the early 1960s, when Francis Wong was studying architecture at the University of Adelaide under the Colombo Plan.[19][20] Wong grew up speaking dialects of Malay (Bahasa Melayu), Chinese, and English.[21] At five years old, she began attending Kinabalu International School.[22] After her parents separated, she moved to Adelaide, South Australia, at the age of eight with her mother and younger brother.[23]

Education and student politics

After starting at Coromandel Valley Primary School, Wong gained a scholarship to Scotch College, Adelaide, where she studied chemistry, physics and mathematics. During her time at Scotch College, Wong toured New Caledonia as part of her French language studies, performed in school productions of plays such as Six Characters in Search of an Author, and co-captained the hockey team.[24] She was accepted into the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery at the University of Adelaide,[25] but after spending a year on exchange in Brazil,[26] found she had an aversion to blood. She then studied and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Jurisprudence and a Bachelor of Laws with Honours at the University of Adelaide, and completed a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice at the University of South Australia.[25][27][28]

Through her friendship with David Penberthy, who had also been on exchange in Latin America,[29] Wong joined the Socialist Workers Party-sponsored Committee in Solidarity with Central America and the Caribbean (CISCAC) while at university in 1987, but was not an active member.[30] Wong's connections with CISCAC brought her in contact with a broader group of left-wing activists who opposed the Hawke Labor government's planned changes to university fees. In a July 1988 election, Wong won a position on the board of the Adelaide University Union as part of the newly formed Progressive Education Team.[31] One month later, while protesting outside a state Labor Party convention at the Adelaide Trades Hall, Wong had a conversation with Young Labor member Lois Boswell, who told her that "if you wanted to really make a difference, you had to be inside the room having that battle." Wong joined the Labor Party that day; she credits her decision to her conversation with Boswell, and the Liberal-National Coalition's new "One Australia" policy opposing multiculturalism and Asian immigration.[32]

Wong became involved with the leadership of the Adelaide University Labor Club,[33] and has been a delegate to the South Australian Labor Party State Convention every year since 1989 (with the exception of 1995).[34] She also worked part-time for the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), and won a position on the National Executive of the National Union of Students. A number of her contemporaries at university went on to become Australian politicians; former senator for South Australia, Natasha Stott Despoja, former Premier of South Australia Jay Weatherill[26] and health minister Mark Butler, were contemporaries.[25][26][33]

Professional career

Wong graduated from the University of South Australia in 1992, and continued her association with the CFMEU as an industrial officer.[35] She was admitted to the South Australian Bar in 1993. During 1995 and 1996, Wong acted as an advisor to the CFMEU and to the newly elected New South Wales state government, specializing in the area of forest policy in the middle of the fierce 1990s environmental battles over logging in NSW.[36]

On returning to Adelaide, Wong began practising law, working as a solicitor at the firm Duncan and Hannon (1996–1999).[37] From 1999 to 2002, she worked as a legal officer with the Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Union. During this time she also won a position on the ALP's state executive.[38]

During her legal career (1996–2002), Wong appeared as counsel in 11 published decisions of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, 15 published decisions of the South Australian Industrial Relations Court, 8 published decisions of the South Australian Industrial Relations Commission, 3 published decisions of the South Australian Workers Compensation Appeal Tribunal and 10 published decisions of the South Australian Workers Compensation Tribunal.[39]

Political career

Election to the Senate

Wong in 2007

Wong ran for pre-selection for the Senate in 2001, and was selected for the top position on the Labor Party's South Australian ticket. She was elected at the 2001 election, her term commencing on 1 July 2002. Wong is a member of Labor Left,[40] and is a member of EMILY's List Australia,[41] the support network for Labor women, and sat on a number of Senate committees, primarily those related to economics.[42]

In June 2005, Wong was appointed Shadow Minister for Employment and Workforce Participation,[43] and Shadow Minister for Corporate Governance and Responsibility. Following the reshuffle in December 2006, she became responsible for the portfolios of Public Administration and Accountability, Corporate Governance and Responsibility, and Workforce Participation.[citation needed]

First Rudd government (2007–2013)

In December 2007, in the wake of the Labor Party victory in the 2007 election, Wong was appointed to the Cabinet of Australia in the first Rudd government as the Minister for Climate Change, the first person to hold this role in an Australian Cabinet.[28][44] She accompanied then Prime Minister Kevin Rudd to Bali for the international climate change talks. Wong led final negotiations as Chair of the United Nations Working Group in the closing days of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2007, shortly after her appointment as minister.[45]

Gillard and Second Rudd governments (2010–2013)

Shortly after the commencement of the Gillard government in June 2010, Julia Gillard promoted Wong to succeed Lindsay Tanner as Minister for Finance and Deregulation.[46][47] At this time, Wong said she agreed with the Labor Party policy on marriage[48] because there was a, "cultural, religious and historical view of marriage being between a man and a woman".[49][50]

In February 2013, Wong was elected as the ALP's deputy Senate leader following the resignation of Chris Evans, thus becoming Deputy Leader of the Government in the Senate.[51] Wong retained the position of Minister for Finance after Kevin Rudd's successful leadership spill in June 2013. Following Stephen Conroy's resignation and the beginning of the second Rudd government, she also became the Leader of the Government in the Senate. She was the first woman to be elected as ALP Senate leader, and the first woman to serve as Leader of the Government in the Senate.[52] Wong held these roles until Labor's defeat at the 2013 federal election.[53]

Opposition (2013–2022)

Following Labor's defeat at the 2013 Australian federal election, Wong was elected Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, becoming the first woman to hold the position.[54] She was also appointed Labor's foreign affairs spokesperson. In this role, she helped negotiate Australia's interests in the Trans-Pacific Partnership which was ratified in late 2018.[55] In March 2019, Wong was named the 2018 McKinnon Political Leader of the Year.[56]

Following the 2019 Labor leadership contest, Wong retained her positions as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate and Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs in the new cabinet of Anthony Albanese.[57] At this point she was named part of Albanese's four-person ALP leadership team, along with Richard Marles and Kristina Keneally.

Australian Government (2022–present)

Wong with Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang, 2 March 2023
Wong with Kiribati President Taneti Maamau

With Labor winning government in the 2022 Australian federal election, Wong became Minister for Foreign Affairs. She was sworn in on 23 May 2022, only two days after the election and before final results were known, in order to attend a pre-scheduled meeting of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue with newly elected Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.[58][59] Wong is the first Asian Australian and the first openly LGBTI person to hold the office of Australian Foreign Minister.[60][61] Within a few days of being sworn into office, Wong visited several Pacific countries to emphasise the new government's approach to climate change and relations with nations in the region, including Fiji (where she addressed the Pacific Islands Forum), Samoa, and Tonga.[62][63][64][65]

On 16 June, Wong visited New Zealand Foreign Minister Nanaia Mahuta to reaffirm bilateral relations and cooperation in the areas of climate change, indigenous, and Indo-Pacific issues. Wong also stated that her government would consider New Zealand's concerns about Australia's Section 501 deportation policy, which had strained relations between the two countries.[66][67]

33rd annual Australia-United States Ministerial Consultations (AUSMIN) in Brisbane on July 29, 2023

During a 2023 Senate estimates hearing, Wong was asked about the presence of nuclear weapons aboard nuclear-capable B-52s and B2 Sprits U.S. bombers, which operate regularly out of northern Australia. When U.S. bombers visit Australia, the U.S. government does not tell the Australian government whether the aircraft are carrying nuclear weapons. Wong said the Australian Government "understand[s] and respect[s] the longstanding US policy of neither confirming or denying". She also said the government wanted a greater U.S. military presence in the Indo-Pacific region.[68]

Wong sought to improve the relationship between Australia and China, which deteriorated after the previous Australian government wanted to investigate the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic and condemned China's mistreatment of ethnic Uyghurs.[69][70]

Wong expressed support for Israel during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.[71] She rejected South Africa's genocide case against Israel, saying that "Our support for the ICJ and respect for its independence does not mean we accept the premise of South Africa’s case."[72]

Public image and political future

Polling conducted by The Australia Institute in 2019 found that Wong was the most trusted federal legislator, though then-Prime Minister of New Zealand Jacinda Ardern topped the poll altogether.[73] Studies by Roy Morgan Research have consistently found Wong to be Australia's most trusted politician.[9][74] In December 2022, Wong was deemed the most effective minister in the Albanese government in a survey of Australian Financial Review readers.[75]

In 2022, Reuters described her as a "high profile" figure with "a reputation for plain language and maintaining composure during heated debates."[76] As a member of the Senate, Wong is considered unlikely to mount a candidacy for leadership of the Labor Party in the future, though there is no formal rule that restricts the office to members of the House of Representatives.[77]

Personal life

Wong is a practising Christian, attending Pilgrim Uniting Church in Adelaide.[26] She has said that, "I do not ever remember having the sense that I denied the existence of God."[78] Others in her wider family from Sabah are Buddhist.[79] She held Malaysian citizenship before renouncing it in 2001.[80]

Wong is a lesbian and came out publicly a month after she assumed her Senate seat in 2002.[81] In 2010, Wong was selected by readers of Samesame website as one of the 25 most influential lesbian Australians.[82]

Wong's partner, Sophie Allouache, is a public servant and former University of Adelaide Students' Association president.[83] In December 2011, Allouache gave birth to their first child,[84] after announcing the IVF-assisted pregnancy using donor sperm.[85] Allouache gave birth to their second daughter in 2015, at the Adelaide Women's and Children's Hospital.[86] In December 2023, it was reported that Wong and Allouache were engaged.[87]

Wong is fluent in Indonesian.[88]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Hon. Penny Wong Lecture on Climate Change". Faculty of Law. Queensland University if Technology. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  2. ^ Simons, Margaret (2019). Penny Wong: Passion and Principle. Australia: Black Inc. ISBN 9781760640859.
  3. ^ "Panellist: Penny Wong - Q&A - ABC TV". www.abc.net.au. Archived from the original on 9 January 2014.
  4. ^ "Marriage equality movement 'unstoppable', Senator Penny Wong tells Melbourne rally". ABC News. 13 June 2015.
  5. ^ "Penny Wong on the 'yes' vote that gives her daughters the Australia she wants for them". 9News. 16 November 2017.
  6. ^ Farouque, Farah (10 June 2006). "Why, oh why can't I have a civil union?". The Age. Australia. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
  7. ^ "Australia's Rudd sworn in as PM". BBC News. 3 December 2007. Archived from the original on 3 December 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
  8. ^ "Brown "horrified" at Wong's anti-gay marriage stance". Sydney Morning Herald. 26 July 2010. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  9. ^ a b "Since March 2019 government trust & distrust have fluctuated but 2021 ended with soaring levels of distrust". Roy Morgan Research. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  10. ^ Simons 2019, p. 7.
  11. ^ Simons 2019, p. 9.
  12. ^ Simons 2019, p. 17.
  13. ^ "Passion and principle: Penny Wong is far from done". Crikey. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
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  15. ^ "Profile". Asian Currents. Asian Studies Association of Australia. August 2004. Archived from the original on 1 October 2004. Retrieved 3 December 2007.
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  19. ^ Simons 2019, p. 21.
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  21. ^ Simons 2019, p. 26.
  22. ^ Simons 2019, p. 28.
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  24. ^ Simons 2019, p. 40.
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  50. ^ Abrahams, Scott (25 July 2010). "Penny Wong labelled a hypocrite". Star Observer.
  51. ^ Ministerial Representation & Senate Office Holders in the Senate 43rd Parliament • 25 March 2013 • The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia Archived 1 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 8 September 2013
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  68. ^ Greene, Andrew (15 February 2023). "Officials can neither 'confirm nor deny' US bombers in Australia carry nuclear weapons". ABC News. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  69. ^ "Foreign minister Penny Wong to visit China in relationship breakthrough". 9NEWS. 20 December 2022.
  70. ^ "Australian Ministers to Visit China in Sign of Improving Ties". VOA News. 2 September 2023.
  71. ^ "Penny Wong affirms 'solidarity' with Israel as she meets with Hamas hostage relatives". The Guardian. 17 January 2024.
  72. ^ "Australia doesn't accept 'premise' of Israel genocide claim: Wong". Financial Review. 16 January 2024.
  73. ^ Dick, Samantha (8 May 2019). "Penny Wong, Jacinda Ardern named most trusted leaders by Australians". The New Daily. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  74. ^ "Penny Wong most trusted Australian politician; Peter Dutton most distrusted". Roy Morgan Research. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  75. ^ Bennett, Tess (19 December 2022). "AFR readers say Penny Wong is our most effective minister". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  76. ^ "Factbox: Key members of Australia's incoming Labor government". Reuters. 22 May 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  77. ^ Bartlett, Samuel (27 December 2021). "Federal Election: Everything you need to know about Penny Wong". Yahoo News. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  78. ^ Williams, Roy (28 July 2018). "God Is Good For You by Greg Sheridan; Fountain of Public Prosperity". Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  79. ^ Sheridan, Greg (23 July 2018). "In defence of Christianity". The Australian. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
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  81. ^ "Penny Wong biography: SameSame". Archived from the original on 9 February 2016.
  82. ^ "Samesame 25: The 25 Most Influential Gay and Lesbian Australians 2010". Samesame. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  83. ^ Grattan, Michelle (8 December 2007). "Shaped by two cultures". The Age.
  84. ^ Murphy, Katharine (14 December 2011). "Wong's joyous vote for new parenthood". The Age. Australia. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  85. ^ Kenny, Mark (9 August 2011). "Baby joy for Finance Minister Penny Wong and partner Sophie Allouache". AdelaideNow. Australia. AAP. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
  86. ^ "Senator Penny Wong welcomes new baby girl into family". The Advertiser. News Limited. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  87. ^ Maiden, Samantha (27 December 2023). "Senator Penny Wong is getting married". News.com.au. News Corp Australia. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  88. ^ Wu, Crystal (7 June 2022). "Foreign Minister Penny Wong stuns nation by speaking fluent Indonesian during trip with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese". Sky News. Retrieved 7 September 2023.

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Parliament of Australia Preceded byChris Schacht Senator for South Australia 2002–present Incumbent Political offices Preceded byOffice created Minister for Climate Change 2007–2010 Succeeded byGreg Combet Preceded byLindsay Tanner Minister for Finance and Deregulation 2010–2013 Succeeded byMathias Cormann Preceded byStephen Conroy Leader of the Government in the Senate 2013 Succeeded byEric Abetz Preceded byEric Abetz Leader of the Opposition in the Senate 2013–2022 Succeeded bySimon Birmingham Preceded bySimon Birmingham Leader of the Government in the Senate 2022–present Incumbent Preceded byMarise Payne Minister for Foreign Affairs 2022–present Incumbent Party political offices Preceded byStephen Conroy Leader of the Labor Party in the Senate 2013–present Incumbent
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