This is arguably a marine snail, but it is often also listed as a non-marine species because it tolerates brackish water and lives in salt marshes and similar habitats.
Peringia ulvae is the type species of the genus Peringia.[4]
The type locality is "on the shores of Flintshire", Wales, United Kingdom.[1] The distribution type is Oceanic Wide Temperate
Shells of P. ulvaeThe engraving of a shell of Peringia ulvae from its original description (1777) was very small
Description
This species was originally described by Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant in 1777.[1] Pennant's original text (the type description) reads as follows:[1]
Ulvae.
T. with four spires, the first ventricose; of a deep brown color; aperture oval.
Size of a grain of wheat.
Tab. lxxxvi. fig. 120.
"T." is an abbreviated word testa from Latin language, that means "shell".
The shell is often heavily corroded, usually whitish with brown peristome present on the last whorl.[3] The shell has 5-7 very weakly convex whorls, that are regularly increasing but not always regularly rounded.[3] The lip is attached to the last whorl.[3]
The width of the shell is 2.5–3 mm.[3] The height of the shell is 4-5.5 mm.[3]
Habitat
A number of individuals of Peringia ulvae on mud
Peringia ulvae is a widespread and abundant member of the benthic fauna of estuarine habitats and coastal brackish and salt waters.[7][3] It is very common in brackish water and saltwater, in estuaries and salt marshes.[3] It is most common in the upper half of the intertidal zone.[3] It tolerates salinity 1.0-3.3 %.[3]
It is pederictional dioecious with sexes being easily identified through dissection.[7] On the west coast of Wales this species has peaks of spawning activity in spring and autumn and produces planktotrophic larvae (veliger)[8] that remain in the plankton for up to four weeks before settlement.[7] This period of development affords the potential for dispersal to new habitats and mixing with geographically separate populations.[7] The species provides an interesting case for molecular analysis as the pelagic dispersal phase raises fascinating questions on gene flow, differentiation, recruitment, and inbreeding, but there remains the potential for self-recruitment of estuarine populations.[7]
One of its natural predators is the Arctic barrel-bubble (Retusa obtusa).[citation needed]
In Ireland Peringia ulvae is an important source of food for overwintering waders.
References
This article incorporates public domain text from references[3][1] and CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[7]
^ abGofas, S. (2010). Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant, 1777). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140126 on 2010-11-27.
^Горбушин А. М. О видовом составе моллюсков рода Hydrobia (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) в Белом море //Зоол. журн. – 1993. – Т. 71. – №. 9. – С. 47-56.
^Giusti, F., Manganelli, G. & Schembri, P. J. (1995) The non-marine molluscs of the Maltese Islands. Monografie XV, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino
^ abcdefBrownlow R. J., Dawson D. A., Horsburgh G. J., Bell J. J. & Fish J. D. (2008). "A method for genotype validation and primer assessment in heterozygote-deficient species, as demonstrated in the prosobranch mollusc Hydrobia ulvae". BMC Genetics9: 55. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-9-55.
^Fish J. D. & Fish S. (1977). "The veliger larva of Hydrobia ulvae with observations on the veliger of Littorina littorea (Mollusca: Prosobranchia)". Journal of Zoology182(4): 495-503. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04165.x.
Further reading
Backeljau T. (1986). Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp.
Fish J. D., Fish S. & Foley H. (2000). "The biology of mud snails with particular reference to Hydrobia ulvae". In: British Saltmarshes. Sherwood B. R., Gardiner B. G. & Harris T. (eds.) London, Linnean Society: 165-179.
Gofas S., Le Renard J., Bouchet P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213.
Haase M. (1993). "The genetic differentiation in three species of the genus Hydrobia and systematic implications (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae)". Malacologia35: 389-398.
Muller Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp.
Горбушин А. М. О видовом составе моллюсков рода Hydrobia (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) в Белом море //Зоол. журн. – 1993. – Т. 71. – №. 9. – С. 47-56.
