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((Short description|Appearance of swelling around the eyes))
((refimprove|date=April 2010))
[[File:Eye bags.png|thumb|''Eye bags'' – minor periorbital puffiness usually detectable below the eyes only.]]
[[File:Oedema.jpg|thumb|Periorbital [[edema]].]]
'''Periorbital puffiness''', also known as '''puffy eyes''', or '''swelling around the eyes''', is the appearance of swelling in the tissues around the [[eye|eyes]], called the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbits]]. It is almost exclusively caused by fluid buildup around the eyes, or '''periorbital [[edema]]'''. Minor puffiness usually detectable below the eyes only is often called '''eye bags'''. Such transient puffiness is distinct from the age related and gradual increase in the size of the fat pad lying below the lower eyelids (suborbicularis oculi fat – "SOOF") which can also be colloquially referred to as '''eye bags'''.<ref>''Plast Reconstr Surg''. 1995 Jan;95(1):37–42. "The suborbicularis oculi fat pads: an anatomic and clinical study.: C" Aiache AE, Ramirez OH.</ref>

==Causes==
While some degree of puffiness may be normal for a given individual, factors such as age and fatigue may make the swelling more prominent. The periorbital tissues are most noticeably swollen immediately after waking, perhaps due to the gravitational redistribution of fluid in the horizontal position.

Eye puffiness may also be caused by:
*Normal [[aging]] – As a person grows older, the skin around the eyes becomes thinner and may swell or droop.<ref>The Look You Like; Paul Lazar, M.D.</ref> Further a gradual and generally permanent increase in the size of the suborbicularis oculi fat pad along with the thinning and weakening of the overlying musculature contributes to the apparent distention of the lower eyelids.<ref>''Plast Reconstr Surg''. 1995 Jan;95(1):37–42. "The suborbicularis oculi fat pads: an anatomic and clinical study." Aiache AE, Ramirez OH.</ref>
*[[Crying]] – The [[salt]] in [[tears]] may cause fluid retention in the eye area.
*[[Hypothyroidism]] &nbsp;– Facial puffiness and periorbital swelling occur due to infiltration with the [[mucopolysaccharides]] [[hyaluronic acid]] and [[chondroitin sulfate]],<ref>''The Merck Manual'', 18th Edition, Merck Research Laboratories, 2006.</ref> pulling fluid into the [[Interstitial fluid|interstitial space]] by [[osmosis]].
*[[Periorbital cellulitis]] – An inflammation and infection of the eyelid and portions of skin around the eye.
*[[Blepharochalasis]] – An immune-mediated inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue, leading to the formation of redundant folds over the lid margins. It typically affects only the upper eyelids, and may be unilateral as well as bilateral.
*[[Chagas disease]] – Also known as American trypanosomiasis. Young patients, often in an acute phase of the disease, manifest [[Romana's sign|Romaña's sign]]: unilateral, painless, periorbital edema.<ref>''Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology'', John and Petri, Ninth Edition</ref>
*Cavernous sinus syndrome polyneuropathy.<ref>Carroll GG. "Multiple Cranial Neuropathies." ''Semin Neurol''. 2009;29(1):53-65. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/588522_9</ref>
*[[Infectious mononucleosis|Mononucleosis]] – With supra-orbital oedema, the eyes become puffy and swollen. This may occur in the early stages of infection.<ref>((Cite journal|last1=Gr|first1=Decker|last2=Bj|first2=Berberian|last3=Vi|first3=Sulica|date=May 1991 |title=Periorbital and Eyelid Edema: The Initial Manifestation of Acute Infectious Mononucleosis|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2070653/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-03|journal=Cutis|volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=323–324 |language=en|pmid=2070653))</ref>
*[[Sleep deprivation]] – Interrupted sleep cycles are common causes of eye puffiness.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*Fluid retention – Many conditions (including [[pregnancy]] and hormonal variations with [[menstruation]]) can lead to the retention of fluid, particularly in the [[subcutaneous tissue]]s. These conditions can cause swelling around the eyes to be more prominent. (This cause can by partly alleviated by raising the head of one's bed.)((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*[[Diet (nutrition)|Diet]] – Too much dietary sodium encourages fluid retention and may lead to puffy eyes.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*[[Alcohol (drug)|Alcohol]] and [[tobacco]] use – Alcohol and tobacco may lead to stress, fatigue, and hormonal changes; all of which may lead to fluid retention and swelling around the eyes.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*[[Allergy|Allergies]] – Allergic reactions can lead to leaks in the subcutaneous [[capillary]] beds which can cause swelling in the face, including around the eyes.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*Skin disorders – Eye puffiness can be a side effect of certain skin disorders, such as [[dermatitis]], if the affected area becomes very sensitive, leading to swelling.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]] – Puffiness around the eyes is the first site to get swollen.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*[[Trichinosis]] – Periorbital edema, fever and muscle pain are the main symptoms that ensue from eating raw, infected pork.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*Tear glands – Puffiness around the eyes can also be due to the improper functioning of the tear glands.((Citation needed|date=October 2012))
*[[Superior vena cava obstruction]].((Citation needed|date=October 2012))

==Risks==
Puffy eyes are usually only a temporary [[Aesthetics|cosmetic]] worry, but occasionally, individuals become concerned about the cosmetic effect of periorbital swelling and seek [[plastic surgery|surgical]] correction. Severe and persistent puffiness may be a sign of other serious medical conditions.

==Remedies==
For someone predisposed to eye puffiness, changes to diet and [[lifestyle (sociology)|lifestyle]] (under the supervision of a [[physician]]) may be required to reduce the possibility of swelling.

A cold compress near the eye can act as a short-term remedy as cold temperature constricts [[blood vessels]], preventing the flow of fluid into tissues and diminishing puffiness in the process.<ref>The Doctor's Beauty Hotline; Fredric Haberman, D.D.</ref>

Live Yeast Cell Derivative (LYCD) may be effective.<ref>http://www.google.com/patents/US5643587?dq=live+yeast+cell+derivative&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sAPGUNbYH4vIswaMtICQBQ&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBg Composition and method for under-eye skin lightening USPTO Patent number: 5643587</ref>

==Prevention==
Elevating the head while sleeping can prevent the gravitational redistribution of fluid that is associated with eye swelling. A [[low-carb diet]] can prevent eye puffiness by preventing water retention.((citation needed|date=April 2014)) Eating [[food]]s rich in vitamins, especially [[Vitamin A|A]], [[Vitamin C|C]] and [[Vitamin E|E]], helps to reduce eye puffiness and to maintain clear, moist skin.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/diet.fitness/9906/30/nourish.skin/  Nourishing your skin from within]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Angioedema]], rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues
* [[Periorbital dark circles]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Eye]]
[[Category:Facial features]]
[[Category:Human eye anatomy]]
[[Category:Skin anatomy]]
[[Category:Skin care]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Periorbital conditions]]

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