Peshrar block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Lohardaga subdivision of Lohardaga district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.
History
Lohardaga was made a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1972. Ranchi district was split into three districts namely Ranchi, Gumla and Lohardaga, in 1983. [1]
Maoist activities
Lohardaga has been identified as an “A” grade highly Maoist infested district. Kuru, Bhandra, Kairo, Kisko, Jowang and Senha police stations are totally affected and Lohardaga police station is partially affected. The Maoist outfits are mainly interested in extorting the bauxite mining and transport industry. The police force has been trained to take on the Maoist outfits and has been extending support at important points. Lohardaga has lost one Superintendent of Police, Ajay Kumar Singh, IPS in the anti-insurgency operations.[2]
Lohardaga district consists of two broad physiographic divisions – the hilly tract and the plateau region. The hilly tract extends over the western and north-western parts of the district. The high hill tops of this region are known as pat. The plateau region is a part of the Gumla Plateau, which lies in the southern portion of Chota Nagpur Plateau. Lohardaga and Bhandra CD blocks are entirely in the plateau region. Other administrative areas, such as Kisko, Senha and Kuru CD blocks are partly in the plateau region and partly in the hilly tract. [3]
Peshrar CD block is bounded by the Latehar CD block in Latehar district on the north, Kisko and Senha CD blocks on the east, Ghaghra CD block in Gumla district on the south and Bishunpur CD block in Gumla district and Garu CD block in Latehar district on the west.[4][5][6]
Peshrar CD block has an area of 384.38 km2.[7]Pesrar police station serves Peshrar CD block.[8] The headquarters of Peshrar CD block is located at Peshrar village.[9]
Demographics
Population
According to the 2011 Census of India, Peshrar CD block had a total population of 31,057, all of which were rural. There were 15,764 (51%) males and 15,293 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 6,191. Scheduled Castes numbered 1,173 (3.78%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 25,641 (82.56%).[7]
Literacy
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Peshrar CD block was 13,490 (54.25% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 8,448 (66.66% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 5,042 (38.22% of the female population over 6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 28.44%.[7]
As of 2011[update] census, literacy in Lohardaga district was 78.62%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.[10] Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[11]
Source: 2011 Census: CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data
Language and religion
According to the District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, 2011 census, “the distribution of different mother tongues (languages mentioned under 8th Schedule of Constitution of India) as returned during the 2001 Census for Lohardaga district was” Kurukh (42.15%), Hindi (39.66%), Urdu (16.46%) and other languages 1.73%.[12]
According to the Population by Mother Tongue in the 2011 Census of India, 38.96% of the population in the Lohardaga district spoke Kurukh, 33.17% Sadri, 13.87% Urdu, 12.5% Hindi and other languages 1.50% as their first language.[13]
Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.[14]
According to the District Census Handbook, Lohardanga, 2011 census, ‘Other Religions and Persuasions’ formed 47.2% of the population, followed by Hindus (28.6%), Muslims (20.1%), Christians (4.0%).[15]
The Oraon people dominate in Lohardaga district. In the 2001 census they numbered 164,379 and formed 80.95% of the Scheduled Tribes population, who in turn constituted 55.70% of the population in the district. The Lohras formed 4.79% of the ST population.[16]
Rural poverty
70-80% of the population of Lohardaga district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005.[17] In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Lohardaga district came down to 38.0%.[18] According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."[19]
Economy
Livelihood
Livelihood in Peshrar CD block
Cultivators (54.64%)
Agricultural labourers (34.54%)
Household industries (4.49%)
Other Workers (6.33%)
In Peshrar CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,741 and formed 54.64%, agricultural labourers numbered 5,525 and formed 34.54%, household industry workers numbered 719 and formed 4.49% and other workers numbered 1,012 and formed 6.33%. Total workers numbered 15,997 and formed 51.51% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 15,060 and formed 48.49% of the population.[20]
Infrastructure
There are 73 inhabited villages in Peshrar CD block. In 2011, 20 villages had power supply. 3 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 73 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 62 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 5 villages had post offices, 4 villages had sub post offices, 4 villages had mobile phone coverage. 73 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 1 village had auto/ modified auto, 8 villages had taxi/vans, 7 villages had tractors. 1 village had a bank branch, 15 villages had public distribution system, 21 villages had assemblypolling stations.[21]
Agriculture
Large areas of the district were earlier covered with forests. With gradual deforestation, more land is being brought under cultivation. At present around 32-35% of the total area is covered with forests. Rice is grown in the terraced lowlands called don. In the uplands called tanr, a coarse form of rice, millets, pulses and oil seeds are grown. Agriculture is mostly monsoon-dependent. “The wells, springs and ahars are the only traditional sources of irrigation. The average land holding per household is 1.65 Ha. The per capita agriculture land is around 0.28 Ha. Net irrigated area is 13.4% of net sown area”. [22]
Bauxite
Bauxite is the raw material from which aluminium is produced. Lohardaga district has large reserves of world class bauxite across Pakhar, Hisari, Rudhali Pat, Khamar Pat and the mining area also extends to neighbouring districts. The district has approval of mining of approximately 11 lakh tones of bauxite mineral in a year. Hindalco Industries Ltd has 7 mining leases out of 9 active mines in Lohardaga district which supplies bauxite to Hindalco’s aluminium plants at Muri and Renukoot.[23][24] A ropeway connecting Bagru mines and Lohardaga has been a popular tourist attraction. [25]
Backward Regions Grant Fund
Lohardaga district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[26][27]
Education
Peshrar CD block had 15 villages with pre-primary schools, 68 villages with primary schools, 22 villages with middle schools, 2 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with no educational facilities.[28] .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand
Healthcare
Peshrar CD block had 2 villages with primary health centres, 5 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village with allopathic hospital.[28] .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included
^"Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India"(PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
India