Phenuiviridae
Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family: Phenuiviridae

Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales.[1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Member genus Phlebovirus is the only genus of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus)[2] except Dabie bandavirus.[3]

Virology

Structure

Rift Valley fever virus structure

Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12).[2]

Genome

Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family.[4] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment.[1]

Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases.[5] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome.[2]

Life cycle

RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated.[5] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript.[2]

Taxonomy

The following genera are recognized:[6]

References

  1. ^ a b "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  2. ^ a b c d "Phenuiviridae ~ ViralZone".
  3. ^ Yu, Xue-Jie; Liang, Mi-Fang; Zhang, Shou-Yin; Liu, Yan; Li, Jian-Dong; Sun, Yu-Lan; Zhang, Lihong; Zhang, Quan-Fu; Popov, Vsevolod L.; Li, Chuan; Qu, Jing; Li, Qun; Zhang, Yan-Ping; Hai, Rong; Wu, Wei; Wang, Qin; Zhan, Fa-Xian; Wang, Xian-Jun; Kan, Biao; Wang, Shi-Wen; Wan, Kang-Lin; Jing, Huai-Qi; Lu, Jin-Xin; Yin, Wen-Wu; Zhou, Hang; Guan, Xu-Hua; Liu, Jia-Fa; Bi, Zhen-Qiang; Liu, Guo-Hua; Ren, Jun; Wang, Hua; Zhao, Zhuo; Song, Jing-Dong; He, Jin-Rong; Wan, Tao; Zhang, Jing-Shan; Fu, Xiu-Ping; Sun, Li-Na; Dong, Xiao-Ping; Feng, Zi-Jian; Yang, Wei-Zhong; Hong, Tao; Zhang, Yu; Walker, David H.; Wang, Yu; Li, De-Xin (21 April 2011). "Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China". New England Journal of Medicine. 364 (16): 1523–1532. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010095. PMC 3113718. PMID 21410387.
  4. ^ "Phenuiviridae".
  5. ^ a b Tercero, Breanna; Terasaki, Kaori; Nakagawa, Keisuke; Narayanan, Krishna; Makino, Shinji (October 2019). "A strand-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for distinguishing the genomic and antigenomic RNAs of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus". Journal of Virological Methods. 272: 113701. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113701. PMC 6698219. PMID 31315022.
  6. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.


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