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Philae Island was an island near the expansive First Cataract of the Nile in Upper Egypt. Due to the building of the Aswan Dam, the island is today submerged under Lake Nasser. Prior to the submerging, the Philae temple complex which had been built on the island, was moved to Agilkia Island.[1]
Until 1974, the ruins of temples and an ancient Egyptian city were located here. They were destroyed by several decades of seasonal submergence of the lake holding back the old Aswan Dam.[2][3] With the commissioning of the Aswan High Dam in 1970, there was a threat of permanent flooding of the area.[4] The temples were therefore relocated and rebuilt between 1974 and 1976 on the neighboring island of Agilkia. This island was therefore destroyed in 1970 and reconstructed for the occasion. After the operation, only the highest point of the ancient island of Philae emerges from the lake as a rock. Philae was an ancient Egyptian city within the first nome of Upper Egypt, the nome of the Country of the Arc (or Country of Nubia).[5][6] It contained the Temple of Isis, one of the best preserved temples in ancient Egypt. This complex was actually one of the last remaining places where the ancient religion survived after the arrival of Christianity in Egypt, officially closing only in 550 AD.[7] With the advent of mass tourism to Egypt, Philae became one of the most popular destinations in the country, attracting several thousand visitors every day during the high season.
Philae is located south of Aswan, between the ancient Aswan Dam to the northwest and the High Aswan Dam to the south, east of Bigge Island and southeast of Agilkia Island, about three hundred meters distant.[8] Due to the rising water caused by the construction of the two Aswan dams, the island has been submerged since the 1970s, except for its highest point, which protrudes as a cliff. Before the flooding, the island was shaped like a bird.
