Brother of Europa in Ancient Greek mythology
| Phoenix |
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| Abode | Phoenicia |
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| Parents | (a) Agenor and Telephassa
(b) Agenor and Damno
(c) Agenor and Argiope
(d) Agenor and Tyro
(e) Agenor and Antiope
(f) Agenor
(g) Belus and Achiroe (probably) |
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| Siblings | (a, c) Europa, Cadmus and Cilix
(b) Isaea and Melia
(d) Europa, Cadmus, Cilix and Syrus
(e) Cadmus and Cilix
(f) Phineus and Taygete
(g) Agenor, Phineus, Aegyptus, Danaus and sometimes Ninus |
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| Consort | (1) Cassiopeia
(2) Telephe
(3) Perimede
(4) Alphesiboea
(5) unknown
(6) unknown |
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| Children | (1) Europa and Phineus or
(1) Carme, Cilix, Phineus and Doryclus
(2) Europa, Astypale, Phoenice and Peirus
(3) Europa and Astypalaea
(4) Adonis
(5) Cadmus, Europa and Thasus
(6) Cepheus |
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In Greek mythology, Phoenix or Phoinix (Ancient Greek: Φοῖνιξ Phoinix, gen.: Φοίνικος means "sun-red") was the eponym of Phoenicia who together with his brothers were tasked to find their abducted sister Europa.
Family
Phoenix was a son of King Agenor[1][2][3] of Tyre by either Telephassa,[4] Argiope,[5] Antiope,[6] Damno[7] or Tyro.[8][9] He was the brother of Europa,[10][11][12] Cadmus,[13] Cilix,[14] Syros,[15] Isaia and Melia.[16]
In some accounts, Phoenix's father was called King Belus of Egypt and sibling to Agenor, Phineus, Aegyptus, Danaus[17] and Ninus.[18] In the latter's version of the myth, Phoenix' mother could be identified as Achiroe, naiad daughter of the river-god Nilus.[19]
Phoenix was believed to have fathered a number of children with different women. By Cassiopeia, Phoenix had a daughter, Carme,[20] and three sons:[21] Cilix,[22] Phineus,[23][24][25] and Doryclus, as well as a stepson Atymnius, whose natural father was Zeus;[26] by Alphesiboea, he had Adonis.[3][27][28] Phoenix was also credited as the father of Cepheus, king of Ethiopia, whose wife was another Cassiopeia.[29]
According to early accounts, Europa was not Phoenix's sister, but his daughter,[30][31][32] while Cadmus was identified as his son.[33] Otherwise, Europa was called one of his two daughters by Perimede, daughter of Oeneus, the other one being Astypalaea;[34] she was also included on the list of Phoenix's children by Telephe, her siblings in this case being Peirus, Phoenice, and Astypale (apparently identical to the aforementioned Astypalaea).[35]
Telephe, daughter of Epimedusa, was probably the same as Telephassa, whom Moschus called Phoenix's wife and not his mother.[36] In another account, his children were Cadmus, Europa and Thasus.[37]
Mythology
When Europa was carried off by Zeus, her three brothers were sent out by Agenor to find her, but the search was unsuccessful. Phoenix eventually settled in a country in Asia or Africa, which he named Phoenicia after himself.[38] He was said to have founded Bithynia which was previously named Mariandyna.[39]
Malalas recounted following account about Phoenix and Heracles the Tyrian:
"Herakles the philosopher, called the Tyrian, lived in the reign of King Phoenix. It was he who discovered the purple-shell. He was wandering on the coastal part of Tyre city when he saw a shepherd dog eating the so-called purple-shell, which is a small maritime species like a sea snail. The shepherd thought the dog was bleeding, and took a clump of sheep’s wool and wiped off what was coming out of the dog’s mouth, and it dyed the wool. Herakles noticed that it wasn’t blood but the virtue of a strange dye, and wondered at it. Recognizing that the dye deposited on the wool came from the purple-shell, and having taken the wool from the shepherd as a great gift, he brought it to Phoenix, the King of Tyre. He too was surprised by the sight of the strange color of the dye. Admiring his discovery, he ordered that wool be dyed from this purple-shell dye and become a royal mantle for him. He was the first to wear this purple mantle, and everyone marveled at his royal raiment, as a foreign spectacle. From then, King Phoenix commanded that no one under his rule dare to wear such virtuous clothing on land or sea, except himself and those who ruled Phoenicia after him, so that they would recognize the King in the army and the crowd from his marvelous and strange clothing."[40]
