The town occupies tambon Nai Wiang of Mueang Phrae District and has an area of nine km2 with a population of 15,316 (2019).[2] The town is known for its rich history, textile indusrty and temple architecture, as well as offering a blend of both Isan and Lan Na culture and cruisine.[3]
The town was first established in 1371. During the late 1800s, Phrae served as a major center for the teak trade, with numerous foreign companies operating around the town. Before centralization reforms by King Chulalongkorn were untertakened, Phrae served as the capital of the Kingdom of Phrae and the seat of the royal family of Phrae. In 1902, the town served as the center for the Shan-led Ngiao rebellion, which aimed to overthrow Central Thai rule over Lan Na before being crushed. Central Thai authority over Phrae was restablished on 16 August 1902.[4]
Phrae was constructed during the Sukhothai period. One of the earliest temples to be constructed in Phrae was Wat Phra That Cho Hae around 1336-1338 during the Sukhothai period. During the 1500s, the town served as an outpost controlled by the Kingdom of Lan Na.[5]
During the 1800s, the Northern Thailand experienced economic growth through the teak industry. Due to Phrae's location to numerous teak forests, the town become home to several foreign residences and companies that operated teak farms nearby, such as the East Asiatic company and the Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation.[6] The East Asiatic company began logging in 1897 until it expired in 1936; while the Bombay Burmah was granted in 1889 a logging concession. Increased foreign presence of companies later led to an influx of foreign residences from different nations such as the United Kingdom, United States and Denmark.[7] It also led to an influx of Christians and Christian missionaries, such as the American Presbyterian mission.[4]
The last chao luang[7] (king) of Phrae, Piriya Thepwong, ascended the throne upon his father's death on 5 April 1889. In 1891, the former treasurer of Phrae constructed the Wichai Racha Residence, which would act as a safehouse during the Ngiao rebellion and World War II. In 1892, Khum Chao Luang was constructed as the royal residence of the chao luang. In 1897, Chinese architects from Guangzhou constructed a pink-white mansion made from teak which served as a wedding present for the king of Phrae to his stepdaughter. Also in the same year, in line with Chulalongkorn centralization reforms, Bangkok appointed Phraya Chaiboon (Thongyuu Suwanbat) as the governor.[6]
On 25 July 1902, a group of Shan miners who previously ambushed Siamese police and soldiers, stormed the police station in Phrae led by Sala Po Chai and Phaka Mong. The rioters, now numbering around 300, stormed the governor's residence and forced the chao luang to aid the rebellion. They then went about killing ethnic Central Thai residences, including the governor Thongyuu. From 25 July to 16 August, the town remained under Shan control. However, military defeat to the Siamese army led to mass disorganization and anarchy in the town after the death of their leaders. On August 5, Harold Lyle, the British vice-consul in Nan, moved into the former governor's residence in an attempt to restore order.[8] He however delayed the Siamese and Danish armies from entering the town in fear that a massacre of local and foreign residences would occur. Finally on August 16, Pichai provincial police reclaimed the town before the main Siamese army led by Surasak Montri arrived on August 20.[4] For his involvement in the rebellion, the chao luang went into exile in Luang Prabang and the Kingdom of Phrae was ended.[5]
Following the 2014 coup, the National Council for Peace and Order ceased all duties of Mayor Chokchai Phanomkwan on 25 June 2015. Prime-minister Prayut Chan-o-cha reinstated Chokchai's duties on 28 August 2020.[9] Chokchai Phanomkwan was removed as mayor of Phrae due to corruption in delaying hotel taxes and parking fee collection on 25 January 2022.[10]
Geography
River, Phrae
Phrae lies on the Yom River, at an elevation of 159 metres (522 ft).[11] The town is mostly built on the east side of the river, but some outlying parts are built on the west side of the river and are connected to the main part by bridges. There are hills both to the east and west of the town; the Phlueng Range to the east are higher, reaching about 800 metres (2,600 ft) above sea level, whereas the Phi Pan Nam Range to the west are about 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level.
In 2005, Phrae had a population of 17,971. In 2019, it declined to 15,316 with females making up 53.4% of the population.[2]
Climate
Phrae has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is very hot with the average daily maximum at 37.6 °C (99.7 °F). The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during the day, although nights remain warm.
Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[14](extremes)[15]
Wat Phrathat Cho Hae in 2015
Culture
Phrae is home to many notable Buddhist temples, including Wat Phrathat Cho Hae, Wat Pongsunan (Temple of the Tortoise), Wat Chorm Sawan, Khum Chao Luang, and Wat Phra That Cho Hae.[16]
The latter is on a hill, nine km away from the town center.[17] During the 1800s, two teak bungalows were built by Christians in place of churches and are still present in the town.[7]
The main road through Phrae is Route 101, which begins in Nan to the north, passes through Phrae, and leads to Sawankhalok, Sukhothai, and finally Kamphaeng Phet. The town is served by Phrae Airport, a small airport in Mueang Mo, on the east side of town. It handles only domestic flights from and to Don Mueang (DMK) by Nok Air.[19]
