A piecewise-constant valuation is a kind of a function that represents the utility of an agent over a continuous resource, such as land. It occurs when the resource can be partitioned into a finite number of regions, and in each region, the value-density of the agent is constant. A piecewise-uniform valuation is a piecewise-constant valuation in which the constant is the same in all regions.

Piecewise-constant and piecewise-uniform valuations are particularly useful in algorithms for fair cake-cutting.^[1][2][3][4]

Formal definition

There is a resource represented by a set C. There is a valuation over the resource, defined as a continuous measure ${\displaystyle V:2^{C}\to \mathbb {R} }$. The measure V can be represented by a value-density function ${\displaystyle v:C\to \mathbb {R} }$. The value-density function assigns, to each point of the resource, a real value. The measure V of each subset X of C is the integral of v over X.

A valuation V is called piecewise-constant, if the corresponding value-density function v is a piecewise-constant function. In other words: there is a partition of the resource C into finitely many regions, C₁,...,C_k, such that for each j in 1,...,k, the function v inside C_j equals some constant U_j.

A valuation V is called piecewise-uniform if the constant is the same for all regions, that is, for each j in 1,...,k, the function v inside C_j equals some constant U.

Generalization

A piecewise-linear valuation is a generalization of piecewise-constant valuation in which the value-density in each region j is a linear function, a_jx+b_j (piecewise-constant corresponds to the special case in which a_j=0 for all j).