PCA-2
A PCA-2 operated by the Beech-Nut corporation
Role Utility autogyro
National origin United States
Manufacturer Pitcairn-Cierva Autogiro Company
Designer Harold F. Pitcairn
First flight 1918
Number built 20–30
Variants Pitcairn OP-1

The Pitcairn PCA-2 was an autogyro (designated as "autogiro" by Pitcairn) developed in the United States in the early 1930s.[1] It was Harold F. Pitcairn's first autogyro design to be sold in quantity. It had a conventional design for its day – an airplane-like fuselage with two open cockpits in tandem, and an engine mounted tractor-fashion in the nose.[2] The lift by the four-blade main rotor was augmented by stubby, low-set monoplane wings that also carried the control surfaces.[2] The wingtips featured considerable dihedral that acted as winglets for added stability.[2]

Operational history

The PCA-2 was the first rotary-wing aircraft to achieve type certification in the United States[3] and was used in a number of high-profile activities including a landing on the White House lawn[4][5] and the first flight across the United States in a rotorcraft. This latter feat was attempted by Amelia Earhart, flying for the Beech-Nut food company, but was actually accomplished by John M Miller who completed his flight nine days before Earhart on 28 May 1931, in his PCA-2 named Missing Link.[6] Learning of Miller's achievement upon her arrival in California, Earhart set out to turn her flight into a round-trip record by flying east again, but abandoned the attempt after three crashes.[6] Earhart set an altitude record in a PCA-2 on 8 April 1931 with a height of 18,415 ft (5,615 m). [7][2][3][4] This record was broken in another PCA-2 by Lewis Yancey who flew to 21,500 ft (6,600 m) on 25 September 1932.[3][8]

PCA-2 operated by the Detroit News, displayed at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, MI.

In 1931, The Detroit News made history when it bought a PCA-2 for use as a news aircraft due to its ability to fly well at low altitude, land and take off from restricted spaces, and semi-hover for better camera shots. In May 1933, Scripps donated the autogyro to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.[9]

Pitcairn PCA-2 Miss Champion on display
Pitcairn autogyro NC-12681 at St. Hubert, Quebec. Aug. 19, 1932

The Champion spark plug company operated a PCA-2 as a promotional machine in 1931 and 1932 as Miss Champion.[4] It was flown over 6,500 miles in the 1931 Ford National Reliability Air Tour. This machine was restored to flying condition in 1982 by Steve Pitcairn, Harold's son.[4] In 2005, he donated it to the EAA AirVenture Museum.[4] Other PCA-2s are preserved at The Henry Ford[4][10] and the Canada Aviation Museum.[11]

Variants

Operators (OP-1)

 United States

Specifications (PCA-2)

Data from [12][13][14]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

Notes

  1. ^ Taylor 1989, p.735
  2. ^ a b c d e f g The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, p.2739
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Pitcairn, A G A, Pitcairn-Cierva, Pitcairn-Larsen"
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Pitcairn PCA-2 Autogiro 'Miss Champion' – NC11609"
  5. ^ Charnov 2003b, p.3
  6. ^ a b Charnov 2003a
  7. ^ "Miss Earhart Sets Autogiro Record", The New York Times, April 9, 1931, p. 1
  8. ^ Charnov 2003b, p.6
  9. ^ Ford Richardson Bryan, Sarah Evans. Henry's attic: some fascinating gifts to Henry Ford and his museum.
  10. ^ "The Planes: 1931 Pitcairn Autogiro"
  11. ^ "Pitcairn-Cierva PCA-2"
  12. ^ Eckland, K.O. "Pitcairn, A G A, Pitcairn-Cierva, Pitcairn-Larsen". Aerofiles. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
  13. ^ Duda, Holger; Insa Pruter (2012). "FLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT GYROPLANES" (PDF). German Aerospace Center. p. 5. Retrieved 3 December 2012.[permanent dead link]
  14. ^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". Retrieved 2 September 2017.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pitcairn PCA-2.
Pitcairn and Autogiro Company of America aircraft
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