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((short description|Historic house in Louisiana, United States))

((more citations needed|date=October 2010))
((Use American English|date = November 2019))
((Use mdy dates|date = November 2019))
((Infobox NRHP
| name         = Pitot House
| location     = 1440 Moss St., [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]]
| coordinates  = ((coord|29|58|54|N|90|5|21|W|display=inline,title))
| locmapin     = United States New Orleans East#Louisiana#USA
| architecture = Colonial
| added        = September 28, 1971
| area         = ((convert|0.2|acre))
| refnum       = 71000360<ref name="nris">((NRISref|2009a))</ref>
))

The '''Pitot House''' is a historic [[landmark]] in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], and is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

[[Image:PitotHouseBayouStJohn.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The James Pitot House]]
The Pitot House is an 18th-century [[Louisiana Creole people|Creole]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] [[country]] home located at 1440 Moss Street in New Orleans, [[Louisiana]]. The Pitot House is currently owned by the Louisiana Landmark Society, which uses the building as its [[headquarters]]. The house is situated on [[Bayou St. John]] and was moved several blocks from its original site in order to prevent its demolition.

==History==
The Pitot House was initially constructed in 1799 by Don Bartólome Bosque as a country retreat along [[Bayou St. John]]. It is speculated that Bosque's house was a [[Creole cottage|raised cottage]] on brick pillars. Bosque was a Spanish colonial official, whose daughter Suzette married Louisiana Governor [[William C.C. Claiborne]].

NOTE: The [[1790 in architecture]] article states that the house was finished in 1790 and was built by Don Santiago Lorreins.

It is also believed that during the ownership of Madame Rillieux (1805–1810), [[Edgar Degas]]' great-grandmother, the ground floor was enclosed with masonry walls of soft brick. Rillieux was also responsible for adding the southern [[Veranda|gallery]] and several outbuildings, which are no longer extant.

The house is named for [[James Pitot]], the fourth owner of the house who resided there from 1810 to 1819. Pitot is considered to be the first "American" [[List of mayors of New Orleans|mayor of New Orleans]] (1804&ndash;1805); for although he was a native of [[France]], he became a [[Naturalization|naturalized]] American citizen before arriving in New Orleans in 1796. Inside are American and Louisiana antiques from the early 19th century, but the antiques are not original to the home. A portrait of Sophie Gabrielle, James Pitot's daughter, is the only artifact owned by any past resident of the house.

Other notable owners of the house include Felix Ducayet and [[Mother Cabrini]], America's first named [[saint]].

==House==

The home is within yards of the site of the "bayou bridge" which Governor Claiborne ordered the military "to permit no Negroes to pass or repass the same"<ref>Rowland, Dunbar, ''Official Letter Books of Gov. W.C.C.Claiborne,'' vol. V, p. 93</ref> during the events known as the [[1811 German Coast Uprising]].<ref>Eaton, Fernin, https://www.academia.edu/2245615/Slave_Uprisings--The_Cottage_Industry, paper presented to the Gulf South History and Humanities Conference, October 20, 2011, Pensacola, FL</ref> This event, said by some historians to be the largest slave uprising on American soil (a theory not recognized by all)<ref>See, e.g., Eaton, Fernin, (7 November 2011). ''1811 Slave Uprising; Governor on Trial: Claiborne in His Own Words, A salon publique'', Pitot House, New Orleans. https://www.academia.edu/1910804/Gov._Claiborne_in_his_own_words--a_salon_publique_at_Pitot_House_Bayou_St._John Retrieved 06/18/2013</ref> caused white families living upriver in January 1811 to stream into New Orleans along Metairie Road. That road was the "highland" road which crossed the bridge at Bayou St. John, providing access to the traditional "back of town" entrance along Bayou Road into the city.

The house was saved from destruction by the Louisiana Landmarks Society in 1964 and restored to its original splendor, showing the double-pitched hipped roof, and the plaster-covered brick-between-post ([[French Colonial|''briquette-entre-poteaux'']]) construction. The wooden posts act as structural support, the brick offers thermal insulation, and the plaster protects this medley from dampness and rot.

The style of the Pitot House is ''[[ensuite]]''—with no hallways and an outdoor stairway. The house was designed with hot summers and insects in mind.  The doors were positioned across from each other to keep cool air moving.  The extended [[Veranda|galleries]] on both the bottom and top levels of the house keep the sun off the walls and offer outdoor [[breezeway]]s.

The Pitot House was also designed to withstand floods and was able to survive the [[Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans|floods of Hurricane Katrina]] due to brick floors on the bottom level of the house which would have originally been caulked with a dry mix of sand and lime, allowing flood waters to drain through.  The [[Veranda|gallery]], back [[loggia]], and [[sleeping porch]] were used for outdoor entertaining, dining, and sleeping; they were fitted with [[Window shutter|shutter]]s to provide relief from the intense Louisiana sun.

==Garden==
The garden at the Pitot House grows plants traditional to the time period when the Pitot House was built. These plants include indigenous flowers, citrus trees, perennials, bulbs, antique roses, [[camellia]]s, [[herbs]], and [[vegetables]]. The garden is a traditional ''[[parterre]]'' garden, designed to be viewed from the above [[Veranda|gallery]], with the [[Buxus|boxwood]] [[hedge]]s recently restored.

A native plants garden showcases Louisiana wildflowers and shrubs along the perimeter of the parterre.  Next to the house is a ((convert|10000|sqft|m2|adj=on)) yard, where parties and events are held.

==See also==
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans Parish, Louisiana]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category))
*[http://pitothouse.org Pitot House museum and gardens] - Louisiana Landmark Society
*[http://www.neworleansmuseums.com/directory/location.php?locationID=1279 Pitot House museum at New Orleans Museums: address, map, hours, etc.]
*[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/LA0328/ Pitot House - Historic American Building Surveys] 13 measured drawings and floor plans
*[http://www.frommers.com/destinations/neworleans/A25426.html Frommer's Review]
*[http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/rm_architecture_styles/article/0,1797,HGTV_3664_1396462,00.html HGTV Restoration Information]
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD BLOGS -->

[[Category:Houses in New Orleans]]
[[Category:History of New Orleans]]
[[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana]]
[[Category:Museums in New Orleans]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in Louisiana]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in New Orleans]]

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