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((Short description|Design and manufacture of plastic products))((RefImprove|date=July 2022))

'''Plastics engineering''' encompasses the processing, design, development, and manufacture of [[plastic]]s products. A plastic is a [[polymer]]ic material that is in a semi-liquid state, having the property of [[Plasticity (physics)|plasticity]] and exhibiting flow. Plastics engineering encompasses plastics material and plastic machinery. Plastic machinery is the general term for all types of machinery and devices used in the plastics processing industry.<ref>((Cite web |title=Introduction of Plastics Engineering |url=http://www.plasticextrudermachine.com/plastics_engineering.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520115748/http://www.plasticextrudermachine.com/plastics_engineering.html |archive-date=2013-05-20 |website=Qingdao Haoteng Machinery Manufacture Co.)) .</ref> The nature of plastic materials poses unique challenges to an engineer. [[Mechanical properties]] of plastics are often difficult to quantify, and the plastics engineer has to design a product that meets certain specifications while keeping costs to a minimum. Other properties that the plastics engineer has to address include: outdoor weatherability, thermal properties such as upper use temperature, electrical properties, barrier properties, and resistance to chemical attack.

In plastics engineering, as in most [[engineering]] disciplines, the [[economics]] of a product plays an important role. The cost of plastic materials ranges from the cheapest [[commodity plastics]] used in [[mass production|mass-produced]] consumer products to very expensive, specialty plastics. The cost of a plastic product is measured in different ways, and the absolute cost of a plastic material is difficult to ascertain. Cost is often measured in price per pound of material, or price per unit volume of material. In many cases, however, it is important for a product to meet certain specifications, and cost could then be measured in price per unit of a property. Price with respect to processibility is often important, as some materials need to be processed at very high temperatures, increasing the amount of cooling time a part needs. In a large production run, cooling time is very expensive.

Some plastics are manufactured from recycled materials but their use in engineering tends to be limited because the consistency of formulation and their physical properties tend to be less consistent. Electrical, electronic equipment, and motor vehicle markets together accounted for 58 percent of engineered plastics demand in 2003.<ref>((Cite web |date=April 2004 |title=Engineered Plastics :: Advanced Materials |url=http://mdmr.net/onesource/catalog/Engineered-Plastics-p-517.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211082140/http://mdmr.net/onesource/catalog/Engineered-Plastics-p-517.html |archive-date=2008-02-11 |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=mdmr.net))</ref> Engineered plastics demand in the US was estimated at $9,702 million in 2007.

A big challenge for plastics engineers is the reduction of the ecological footprints of their products. First attempts like the [[Vinyloop]] process can guarantee that a product's primary energy demand is 46 percent lower than conventionally produced [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]]. The [[global warming potential]] is 39 percent lower.<ref>((Cite web |title=The VinyLoop Eco-Footprint Study |url=http://www.solvayplastics.com/sites/solvayplastics/SiteCollectionDocuments/VinyLoop/The%20VinyLoop%20Eco-Footprint%20Study.pdf |url-status=dead |website=solvayplastics.com |access-date=2012-06-10 |archive-date=2016-05-16 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516130930/http://www.solvayplastics.com/sites/solvayplastics/SiteCollectionDocuments/VinyLoop/The%20VinyLoop%20Eco-Footprint%20Study.pdf ))</ref>

==Plastics engineering specialties==
* Consumer plastics
* Medical plastics 
* Automotive plastics
* Recycled or recyclable plastics 
* [[Biodegradable]] plastics
* [[Elastomer]]s/[[rubber]]
* [[Epoxy|Epoxies]]
* Plastics processing: [[injection moulding]], [[plastics extrusion]], [[stretch-blow molding]], [[thermoforming]], [[compression molding]], [[calendering]], [[transfer molding]], [[laminating]], [[fiberglass molding]], [[pultrusion]], [[filament winding]], [[vacuum forming]], [[rotational molding]]
* [[Ultrasonic welding]]

==See also==
* [[Design of plastic components]]
* [[Economics of plastics processing]]
* [[Plastic]]
* [[Polymer chemistry]]
* [[Fields of engineering]]
* [[Engineering plastic]]
* [[Medical grade silicone]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Plastics industry]]
[[Category:Plastics applications]]
[[Category:Materials science]]
[[Category:Engineering disciplines]]

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