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((refimprove|date=December 2019))

A '''playoff''' in the sport of [[golf]] is how a [[tie (draw)|tie]] is resolved at the end of a match or competition, often by means of an extra [[hole (golf)|hole]], or holes, being played until a winner emerges.<ref name=rules/>

Playoffs are a standard occurrence in [[match play]] and [[Professional golf tours|professional]] [[stroke play]] tournaments to determine a winner in the event of a tie at the completion of normal play. There are two types of playoff that are used: aggregate playoff and sudden death. They are usually played directly after completion of the final round, with the exception of 18 hole aggregate playoffs which may be held the following day.

In many [[amateur golf|amateur]] stroke play tournaments, and particularly in club competitions, competitors may not be readily available and other methods are used to determine the winner, such as scorecard count-back, whereby the player with the lowest cumulative score over the last 18, 9, 6, 3 or 1 hole(s) is declared the winner.<ref name=rules>((cite web |url=https://www.randa.org/Rog/2019/Rules/Committee-Procedures/5A |title=5A Setting the Terms of the Competition |website=The R&A |access-date=December 15, 2019))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.golf-monthly.co.uk/features/the-game/golf-countback-work-66195 |title=How Does Golf Countback Work? |website=Golf Monthly |first=Roderick |last=Easdale |date=November 6, 2017 |access-date=December 15, 2019))</ref>

In 1976, the [[Pepsi-Wilson Tournament]] on the [[Japan Golf Tour]], set a record for the longest sudden-death playoff on any men's professional tour. It took [[Peter Thomson (golfer)|Peter Thomson]] 14 holes to defeat [[Graham Marsh]], [[Brian Jones (golfer)|Brian Jones]] and [[Shozo Miyamoto]].<ref>((cite news |title=Thomson wins 14-hole play-off |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=H_5jAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iuYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6704%2C8250974 |newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |page=13 |date=24 May 1976 |access-date=28 July 2020))</ref> This record still stands today.

==Sudden death==
Sudden death is the most common playoff format in [[stroke play]] tournaments and even more so in [[match play]] tournaments. The tied participants play one extra hole at a time, with those still tied for the lowest score moving on to the next hole until a winner has been determined. All regular [[PGA Tour]] and [[European Tour]] tournaments use this system (except for [[The Players Championship]] starting in 2014), as does the [[Masters Tournament]]. The PGA Championship also used the sudden death format from 1977 to 1999.<ref name=pga>((cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/golf/1999/pga_championship/news/1999/08/11/pga_notebook_ap/ |title=PGA to change to three-hole playoff |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=August 11, 1999 |access-date=July 22, 2009))</ref> A player who wins in matchplay after ''n'' playoff holes is said to have won "at the ''(18+n)''th hole" — or "''(36+n)''th hole" in the increasingly rare case of a 36-hole match.

Many supporters, including veteran golfer [[Kenny Perry]], support this type of play, feeling that it is best to let momentum decide the match.<ref name=cbs>((cite news |url=http://www.cbssports.com/golf/story/11861822 |title=From 18 holes to sudden death, playoff preferences a major debate |work=CBS Sports |last=Elling |first=Steve |date=June 16, 2009 |access-date=November 14, 2011))</ref> [[Tiger Woods]], when interviewed immediately after his 2008 U.S. Open victory at Torrey Pines, stated that "as a player who's playing well, you want to go more holes. The better player usually wins in more holes. That's how I've always approached it. The more holes you give me, if I'm playing well, I want more holes. Not just one hole, or even three."<ref name=cbs/> Others, such as professional golfer [[Chris DiMarco]],<ref name=cbs/> claim that it is not fair to gruel through 72 holes and lose the tournament on one bad swing in sudden death.

==Aggregate playoff==
The aggregate playoff is the oldest playoff format in strokeplay tournaments, with the lowest cumulative score in a series of holes, most commonly three, four, or eighteen holes.  This is widely considered to be the fairest way of deciding a winner, as one bad shot does not eliminate all chances of winning, and is used in the four [[men's major golf championships|men's major championships]]. One flaw of this system is shorter variants, used in two majors and The Players Championship, held immediately after the tournament, take longer to complete than sudden death, meaning that a tournament may risk not being over before sunset. In contrast, a full 18-hole playoff is held the next day. Should there still be a tie after the set number of holes, then sudden death is normally played.

The four men's majors originally used an 18-hole (or 36-hole) format. The men's [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]] changed in 2018 to a two-hole aggregate playoff.<ref name=usopen2018>((cite news |url=http://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/22586395/us-open-abandons-18-holes-2-hole-playoff |title=U.S. Open abandons 18 holes for 2-hole playoff |work=ESPN |agency=Associated Press |date=February 26, 2018))</ref> [[The Open Championship]] used this format until 1985, when it was reduced to four holes. The three-hole format is used for the men's [[PGA Championship]] (originally 18 holes, changed to sudden death in 1977, and adopted the three hole in 2000), [[The Players Championship]], and the other three USGA-sanctioned tournaments for professionals, the [[U.S. Women's Open]], [[U.S. Senior Open]] (both were 18-hole playoffs before shortened to three in 2007, and two in 2018<ref name=usopen2018/>), and the [[U.S. Senior Women's Open]]. The [[Masters Tournament]] used the 18-hole format until 1976 (the first sudden-death playoff was in 1979). The first playoff in The Masters in 1935 was contested over 36 holes, when [[Gene Sarazen]] overcame [[Craig Wood (golfer)|Craig Wood]].

The Open Championship was the first major tournament to adopt the shortened aggregate playoff system when a 4-hole playoff was introduced in 1985. However it was not invoked until [[Mark Calcavecchia]], [[Greg Norman]] and [[Wayne Grady]] tied at [[Royal Troon Golf Club|Royal Troon]] in [[1989 Open Championship|1989]]. Calcavecchia came out on top to win his only major title.<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/24/sports/calcavecchia-wins-british-open-in-3-way-playoff.html |title=Calcavecchia Wins British Open in 3-Way Playoff |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 24, 1989 |access-date=July 22, 2009 |first=Gordon S. |last=White Jr))</ref> Since 2000, the [[PGA Championship]] has made use of a 3-hole playoff, having previously used sudden death.<ref name=pga/> Three-hole playoffs were expected to be used in the [[Golf at the 2016 Summer Olympics|2016 Summer Olympics]] if there were a tie in medal positions, but were not necessary.<ref name="rio">((cite web |url=http://www.rio2016.com/en/the-games/olympic/sports/golf |title=Golf |publisher=[[Rio 2016 Organising Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games|COJOPR]] |access-date=August 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814192750/http://rio2016.com/en/the-games/olympic/sports/golf |archive-date=August 14, 2012 ))</ref> The [[Golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Summer Olympics]] tournament playoffs used sudden death to break medal ties.((citation needed|date=August 2021))

== Playoff formats in professional golf ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Type
!Tournament
!Playoff format (tiebreaker after 72 holes)
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Men's major golf championships]]
|[[Masters Tournament]]
|Sudden death
|-
|[[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]]
|Aggregate (2-hole), sudden death if still tied after aggregate 
|-
|[[PGA Championship]]
| rowspan="3" |Aggregate (3-hole), sudden death if still tied after aggregate 
|-
|[[The Open Championship]]
|-
|''Men's:'' [[PGA Tour]]
|[[The Players Championship]]
|-
|rowspan=5|[[Women's major golf championships]]
|[[Chevron Championship]]
|rowspan=2|Sudden death
|-
|[[The Evian Championship]]
|-
|[[U.S. Women's Open]]
|Aggregate (2-hole), sudden death if still tied after aggregate 
|-
|[[Women's PGA Championship]]
| rowspan="2" |Aggregate (3-hole), sudden death if still tied after aggregate 
|-
|[[Women's British Open]]
|-
|''Men's:'' [[PGA Tour]], [[European Tour]]
| rowspan="2" |All other tournaments
| rowspan="2" |Sudden death
|-
|''Women's:'' [[LPGA|LPGA Tour]], [[Ladies European Tour]]
|}

==References==
((Reflist))

((Golf))

[[Category:Golf terminology|Playoff]]
[[Category:Rules of golf]]

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