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((More citations needed|date=July 2017))
((Infobox bilateral relations|Poland in the European Union|European Union|Poland|map=European Union 15 Poland Locator (with internal borders).svg))
[[Poland]] has been a member state of the [[European Union]] since 1 May 2004, with the [[Treaty of Accession 2003]] signed on 16 April 2003 in Athens as the legal basis for Poland's accession to the EU. The actual process of integrating Poland into the EU began with Poland's application for membership in Athens on 8 April 1994, and then the confirmation of the application by all member states in [[Essen]] from 9–10 December 1994. Poland's integration into the European Union is a dynamic and continuously ongoing process.
[[File:Donald Tusk & Ursula von der Leyen - 2023.jpg|thumb|President of the European Commission [[Ursula von der Leyen]] with Polish Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] on 15 December 2023]]
== Comparison ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:10%;" |
! style="width:45%;" | ((flag|European Union))
! style="width:45%;" | ((flag|Poland))
|-
| '''Population'''
| 447,206,135<ref>((cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 |title=Population on 1 January |website=Eurostat |publisher=[[European Commission]] |access-date=9 March 2015 |archive-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109235412/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1%20 |url-status=live ))</ref>
| 38,386,000
|-
| '''Area'''
| ((convert|4,324,782|km2|sqmi|abbr=on))<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html|work=[[The World Factbook]]|title=Field Listing – Area|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|access-date=9 March 2015|archive-date=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020000737/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html|url-status=dead))</ref>
| 312,696&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (120,733 sq mi)
|-
| '''Population Density'''
| 115/km<sup>2</sup> (300/sq mi)
| 123/km<sup>2</sup> (318.6/sq mi)
|-
| '''Capital'''
| [[Brussels]] (''[[de facto]]'')
| [[Warsaw]]
|-
| '''Global Cities''' 
| [[Paris]], [[Rome]], [[Berlin]], [[Vienna]], [[Madrid]], [[Amsterdam]], [[Athens]], [[Dublin]], [[Helsinki]], [[Warsaw]], [[Lisbon]], [[Stockholm]], [[Copenhagen]], [[Prague]], [[Bucharest]], [[Nicosia]], [[Budapest]], [[Zagreb]], [[Sofia]]
| [[Kraków]], [[Poznań]], [[Wrocław]], [[Gdańsk]],  [[Katowice]], [[Łódź]], [[Białystok]], [[Lublin]], [[Gdynia]]
|-
| '''Government'''
| [[Supranational union|Supranational]] [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[democracy]] based on the [[European treaties]]<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.formermembers.eu/DocDownload.asp?ID%3DB488944A4D07060002CF |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-01-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121194228/http://www.formermembers.eu/DocDownload.asp?ID=B488944A4D07060002CF |archive-date=January 21, 2015 |df=mdy ))</ref>
| [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[parliamentary republic]]<ref>((Cite web |title=Poland – EU member country profile ((!)) European Union |url=https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/country-profiles/poland_en |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=european-union.europa.eu |language=en))</ref>
|-
| '''First Leader'''
| High Authority President [[Jean Monnet]]
| Duke [[Mieszko I]]
|- 
| '''Current Leader'''
| Council President [[Charles Michel]]<br />Commission President [[Ursula von der Leyen]]
| President [[Andrzej Duda]]<br />Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]]
|-
| '''Official languages'''
| [[Languages of the EU|24 official languages]], of which 3 considered "procedural" ([[English language|English]], [[French language|French]] and [[German language|German]])<ref>((cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-825_en.htm|title=European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - Frequently asked questions on languages in Europe|website=europa.eu|language=en|access-date=2017-06-24|archive-date=2020-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216210501/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_13_825|url-status=live))</ref>
| [[Polish language|Polish]]
|-
| '''Main Religions'''
| 72% Christianity (48% [[Roman Catholicism]], 12% [[Protestantism]],<br /> 8% [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], 4% Other Christianity),<br /> 23% non-Religious, 3% Other, 2% [[Islam]]
| 92.9% [[Roman Catholic]], <br> 1.3% Other faiths, <br> 3.1% [[Irreligious]], <br> 2.7% Unanswered
|-
| '''Ethnic groups'''
| Germans (ca. 80 million), French (ca. 67 million),<br /> Italians (ca. 60 million), Spanish (ca. 47 million), Poles (ca. 46 million),<br /> Romanians (ca. 16 million), Dutch (ca. 13 million), Greeks (ca. 11 million),<br /> Portuguese (ca. 11 million), [[Demographics of the European Union|and others]]
| 98% [[Polish people|Polish]], 2% others or not stated
|-
| '''GDP (nominal)'''
| $16.477 trillion, $31,801 per capita
| $607 billion, $15,988 per capita
|}

== Early relations between Poland and the EU (1988–1993)==
[[File:EU25-2004_European_Union_map_enlargement.svg|thumb|((center|[[EU]] and the 10 new Accession countries (as of 1 May 2004)))]]
Diplomatic relations between [[Poland]] and the [[European Economic Community]] began on 16 September 1988. A year later, on 19 September 1989, during the first visit of the Chairman of the Committee of Ministers of the [[EEC]] to Poland, an agreement was signed on trade and commercial and economic cooperation in [[Warsaw]].

Changes in [[Polish politics]] [[History of Poland (1989–present)|during and after 1989]] allowed diplomatic talks regarding Poland's participation in the European Economic Community. Formal negotiations began on 22 December 1990, and ended on 16 December 1991, in the "[[European Agreement establishing an association between the Republic of Poland and the European Communities and their Member States]]". At the same time, along with the European Agreement, Poland signed a trade agreement included in the Interim Agreement in force from 1 March 1992.

Poland's agreement with the EEC came into force on 1 February 1994, three months after the Maastricht Treaty came into effect. The first step was the establishment of the Commission for the Unification of the Republic of Poland with the EU, whose task was to supervise the implementation of the new agreements. Talks at ministerial levels in the Polish Parliament were conducted within this commission. The Parliamentary Unification Committee acted as a forum for relations between the Polish Parliament and the European Parliament.

=== Nearing accession (1993–1997)===
Even before accession negotiations began in June 1993, during a meeting of the [[European Council]] in [[Copenhagen]], the [[EU]] Member States officially confirmed that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, currently affiliated with the [[European Commission|EC]], will join the [[EU]] after fulfilling economic and political criteria. On 8 April 1994, the Government of the [[Republic of Poland]] made a formal request, in [[Athens]], for membership in the [[European Union]]. During the European Council summit held in [[Essen]] on 9–10 December 1994, Member States adopted a pre-accession strategy, defining the areas and forms of cooperation recognized by the EU as essential to speed up integration. This process also confirmed that the EU was willing to go through with enlargement to associated countries. Formal confirmation of the strategy outlined in the <span>[[White Paper]] (on the alignment of countries with the requirements of the internal free-market) which was adopted at the European Council Summit in [[Cannes]] in June 1995. The White Paper, and the annual preparatory programs adopted by the Polish government, determined the framework and the relations of Poland with the EU. On 3 October 1996, under the resolution passed by the Council of Ministers on 26 January 1991, the [[Komitet Integracji Europejskiej|Office for European Integration]] came into force with its purpose to coordinate and assist all ministries and institutions directly involved in the process of Polish integration with the European Union. </span>The primary role of the [[Office for European Integration]] was to ensure the implementation of the tasks related to coordinating policies on matters related to the integration of Poland into the European Union. Additionally, it was responsible for coordination of measures for the adaptation of Poland to meet European standards, as well as managing the foreign aid that Poland received from the European Union.

In January 1997 Poland adopted the National Strategy for Integration (NSI) which was passed by Parliament in May 1997. The NSI set out the specific tasks that Poland faced on the road to full EU membership and the sequence of their implementation. The NSI's role was, primarily, to accelerate and direct the work of government institutions as well as helping raise societal awareness of the possible consequences of Polish membership in the EU. The adaptation operations for membership were carried out in-line with the ''National Programme of Preparation for Membership in the European Union ''(NPPC) framework developed by the government and accepted on 23 June 1998. NPPC was annually (up to and including 2001) modified to conform with the negotiation strategies of the Polish government. It defined the ways in which to achieve the priorities contained in the ''Partnership for Membership'' document. ''Partnership for Membership'' and the ''National Programme of Preparation for Membership in the European Union'' were directly related to the [[European Commission]]'s decision to provide EU funding through [[Phare]], [[Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development|SAPARD]] and [[Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession|ISPA]], being the three financial instruments of the European Union to assist the candidate countries in the preparation for accession.

=== Negotiations (1997–2002)===
On the basis of the recommendations contained in the opinions of the [[European Commission]] of 16 July 1997 the [[European Council]] meeting in Luxembourg on 12–13 December 1997 decided to begin accession negotiations with five countries of Central and Eastern Europe ([[Poland]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Hungary]], [[Slovenia]] and [[Estonia]]) as well as [[Cyprus]]. For all the Central and Eastern European candidate countries, the European Council launched an enhanced pre-accession strategy, including the implementation of the ''European Agreements'', ''Partnership for Membership'' and a new version of the [[PHARE]] program.

The [[Enlargement of the European Union|EU enlargement]] process was formally launched at a meeting of the Council for General Affairs on 30 March 1998. At the time, Poland declared 31 December 2002 as the date of readiness for membership into the European Union. A study of the compatibility of candidate countries' current laws with EU law began on 31 March 1998 in Brussels.  After the end of the study, the actual negotiations were undertaken at the same time at the request of the candidate countries, although individually with each of the candidates from 10 November 1998. From 16 April 1999, regular meetings of political directors and European correspondents of associated and EU countries began undertaking political dialogue. For the purpose of the negotiations, the EU set up 37 task forces that were responsible for developing agreements in their respective areas. The chairmen of the Polish Negotiation Team (PZN) were, successively: [[Jacek Saryusz-Wolski]] (1997-2001) and [[Danuta Hübner]] (2001-2004).

The main role of the negotiations was to develop a common position between the Chairman of the PZN and the EU Commissioner for Enlargement and submitting it for approval to the [[European Commission]], which prepared the draft of the revised common position of the whole EU to be accepted by the 15 member states in the [[European Council]]. The aim of the negotiations was to prepare the accession treaty, which was adopted at the last meeting of the Intergovernmental Conference on Accession.

In October 1990 it was decided to connect the capitals of the countries associated with the Secretariat of the Council of the EU with the help of a specially prepared communications network. By 2000, Poland managed to finish talks in 25 out of 30 negotiation areas and for 9 of them it was able to agree transition periods. The remaining 5 areas were negotiated between 2001 and 2002.

Polish negotiations with the EU ended during the EU summit in Copenhagen, on 13 December 2002.

=== Accession (2003–2004)===
((Unreferenced section|date=July 2017))
[[File:European Union 15 Poland Locator (with internal borders).svg|thumb|200x200px|((center|Accession of [[Poland]] in [[European Union|EU]] 2004))]]
The Treaty of Accession was subject to approval and adoption by an absolute majority vote in the European Parliament on 9 April 2003 and unanimously by the Council of the European Union on 14 April 2003. The next stage was ratification of the treaty by all the member countries in accordance with their constitutional requirements (except for [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], where it was ratified after a nationwide referendum while the other Member States adopted it in the form of a parliamentary vote). The Treaty entered into force after the EU ratification procedure. In Poland, the final process of its adoption took place in the form of a national referendum on 7–8 June 2003.

Poles answered the following question:
((Blockquote|"Do you give permission for the Republic of Poland to enter into the European Union?"))

The [[National Electoral Commission (Poland)|National Electoral Commission]]'s published results state that 58.85% of eligible voters turned up to vote (i.e. 17 586 215 out of 29 868 474 people), 77.45% of those (i.e. 13 516 612) answered '''yes''' to the question. 22.55% of those (i.e. 3 936 012) answered '''no'''. The results also showed that 126 194 votes were deemed to be invalid.

The Treaty of Accession 2003 signed on the 16 April 2003 in Athens was the legal basis for 10 countries Central and Southern Europe (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary) entering the European Union.
[[File:Podpisanie traktatu UE.jpg|thumb|President [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski|Alexander Kwaśniewski]] signs the Treaty of Accession (23 July 2003)]]
On 1 May 2004 Poland became a full member of the [[European Union]], along with 9 other [[Europe]]an countries.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
|-
!EU Member countries
!Date of accession
|-
|[[Cyprus]]<br />[[Czech Republic]]<br />[[Estonia]]<br />[[Hungary]]<br />[[Latvia]]<br />[[Lithuania]]<br />[[Malta]]<br />'''[[Poland]]'''<br />[[Slovakia]]<br />[[Slovenia]]
|((center|1 May 2004))
|}

== Post-accession (2004–present) ==
According to information provided by the Ministry of Finance (on 8 February 2006), Poland had to be ready to join the [[Euro zone|eurozone]] by 2009, however, this was postponed to at least 2018. The Minister of Finance announced a regulation that, as of 15 April 2004, a consumer or a recipient of services is able to pay for their goods or services using [[euros]].
[[File:Lech Kaczynski-José Manuel Durão Barroso 2007.jpg|thumb|President of the European Commission [[José Manuel Barroso]] with President of Poland [[Lech Kaczyński]] on 8 November 2007]]
On 13 December 2007, the [[Reform Treaty]] was signed by representatives of the 27 EU Member States in the [[Jeronimos Monastery]] in [[Lisbon]]. On behalf of Poland, the Treaty was signed by Prime Minister Donald Tusk and Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski. At the head of the Polish delegation was President Lech Kaczynski, who was accompanied by the ministers of the [[Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland|Presidential Chancellery]]: [[Robert Draba]] and [[Michal Kaminski]].

Polish accession to the [[Schengen Agreement]] took place on 21 December 2007 (for land and sea crossings) and 29 March 2008 (for airports, together with the new flight timetable). On 30 July 2007, Poland passed the technical tests for access to the Schengen system. As proposed by [[Portugal]], a symbolic opening of the borders took place on 21 December 2007 in Worek Turoszowski on the tri-boundary of the [[Borders of Poland|Polish]], [[Czech Republic|Czech]] and [[Germany|German]] borders.

On 1 May 2009, five years after Poland had accessed the European Union, the period of protection against the purchase of homes and apartments in Poland by foreigners (citizens of the EU) had ended.

According to the survey conducted by the [[Centre for Public Opinion Research|Public Opinion Research Centre]] in March 2014, the Polish presence in the European Union was supported by 89% of Poles, while 7% opposed Poland's EU membership.

The most up-to-date statistics (as of July 2016) show that in 2014 Poland received €17.436 billion from the EU whilst only contributing €3.526 billion.<ref>((cite web|url=http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/poland/index_en.htm#goto_2|title=EUROPA - Poland in the EU|website=europa.eu|date=5 July 2016|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-date=2016-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713195258/http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/poland/index_en.htm#goto_2|url-status=live))</ref> Poland also received nearly €2 billion more in EU funding than any other member state in 2013 ([[France]] being second highest).<ref>((cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/budget/mycountry/PL/index_en.cfm#cinfo|title=Poland - EU Budget in my country - European Commission|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-date=2016-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702165233/http://ec.europa.eu/budget/mycountry/PL/index_en.cfm#cinfo|url-status=live))</ref> The European Union has made its funding available for infrastructure and transport; agriculture and rural development; health and research; growth and jobs; environment and energy as well as other projects in the [[European Social Fund]]. Examples include funding more than 60% of the investment needed to build a section of the A1 motorway between [[Toruń]] and [[Łódź]] (€1.3 billion), better public transport in [[Kielce]] (€54 million) and the [[Human Brain Project]] at the [[Warsaw University of Technology]] (€54 million).<ref>((cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/budget/mycountry/PL/index_en.cfm#projects|title=Poland - EU Budget in my country - European Commission|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-date=2016-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702165233/http://ec.europa.eu/budget/mycountry/PL/index_en.cfm#projects|url-status=live))</ref>

=== Poland and the European Neighbourhood Policy ===
((See also|European Neighbourhood Policy))
[[File:Polish European Union presidency 2011.jpg|thumb|The Eastern Partnership Summit in Warsaw (29-30 September 2011)]]
Poland has made a significant contribution to the [[European Neighbourhood Policy]]. The European Union is interested in [[Eastern Europe]] and, arguably, assisted with the development of democracy in the region by engaging in diplomatic discussions during the [[Revolutions of 1989|fall of communism]] and the [[Soviet Union]] in the late 1980s. The EU has started to focus on countries such as [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], [[Moldova]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Armenia]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]].<ref name=":1">((Cite book|title=European Union Foreign Policy. Quick Guide|last=Vitkus|first=G.|publisher=Institute of International Relations and Political Science|year=2008|isbn=978-9955-33-360-9|location=Vilnius|page=138))</ref>

Before Poland's integration into the European Union, Polish politicians tried to strengthen economic and political cooperation with its neighbouring countries. These efforts were made in order to help the EU in its efforts of enlargement further into the European continent.,<ref name=":0">((cite web|url=http://eastern-partnership.pl/pw_pl/index.php#3|title=Partnerstwo Wschodnie|website=eastern-partnership.pl|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030707/http://eastern-partnership.pl/pw_pl/index.php#3|url-status=live))</ref> such as [[accession of Ukraine to the European Union]].<ref>((Cite web |last=Tilles |first=Daniel |date=2022-02-26 |title=Ukraine should have "immediate express path" to EU membership, says Polish president |url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2022/02/26/ukraine-should-have-immediate-express-path-to-eu-membership-says-polish-president/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=Notes From Poland |language=en-US))</ref>

=== Poland and the EU's common foreign and security policy ===
((See also|Foreign relations of Poland))
Poland has remained skeptical of the EU's common foreign and security policy and is opposed to giving further powers to the European Union's foreign and security policy.<ref name=":1" />  EU countries such as France and Germany, want more favourable relations with Russia, however, Poland has strained relations and history with Russia and does not want to change their foreign policy. In addition, Poland is afraid that greater EU reach in foreign and security policy would violate Polish national interests and sovereignty.<ref name=":1" />

Poland has preferred to discuss and maintain relations with [[NATO]] and the [[United States]], being skeptical about the possibility of a single EU security and defence policy being implemented. Poland participates in EU Crisis Management Operations. Polish troops participated in EU missions in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[North Macedonia]] and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], amongst others.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.msz.gov.pl/pl/polityka_zagraniczna/polityka_bezpieczenstwa/operacje_nato_i_ue/operacje_ue/|title=Operacje i Misje UE|website=www.msz.gov.pl|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-date=2016-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809003433/http://www.msz.gov.pl/pl/polityka_zagraniczna/polityka_bezpieczenstwa/operacje_nato_i_ue/operacje_ue/|url-status=live))</ref>

=== Poland and the EU's enlargement ===
[[File:EU map.gif|thumb|EU member states and candidate countries as of 2013]]
Poland supports the further development and [[enlargement of the European Union]], and draws attention to the need to eliminate delaying the start of accession negotiations. Poland supports [[Ukraine]], [[Montenegro]], [[Serbia]] and [[Turkey|Turkey's]] aspirations to join the EU. Poland welcomed the decision to grant [[Albania]] EU candidate status. Polish politicians stated that, acceptance of all the Balkan states and Turkey into the EU will prove that the EU's internal transformation has been completed, and that this would additionally help to bring greater stability to the entire region.<ref name=":2">((cite web|url=https://polskawue.gov.pl/Rozszerzenie,Unii,Europejskiej,7652.html|title=Rozszerzenie Unii Europejskiej|website=www.polskawue.gov.pl|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008070124/https://polskawue.gov.pl/Rozszerzenie,Unii,Europejskiej,7652.html|archive-date=2015-10-08|url-status=dead))</ref>  Poland participates in an informal group (called the "Tallinn Group") that supports the expansion of the EU.<ref name=":2" />

=== Poland's internal policies and the EU (2015-present)===
((main article|Polish rule-of-law crisis))
((See also|Polish Constitutional Court crisis, 2015))
On 13 January 2016 the European Commission, launched a formal rule-of-law assessment based on rules set out in 2014 and according to Article 7 of the [[Treaty of Lisbon]] regarding the amendments of the constitutional court and the public media law in Poland. The assessment could, theoretically, lead to Poland being stripped of its voting rights in the EU.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/13/ec-to-investigate-polish-governments-controversial-new-laws|title=Brussels launches unprecedented EU inquiry into rule of law in Poland|last=Rankin|first=Jennifer|date=2016-01-13|website=the Guardian|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-date=2016-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718181914/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/13/ec-to-investigate-polish-governments-controversial-new-laws|url-status=live))</ref> Some Polish and British media have criticised the EU's involvement in the [[Polish Constitutional Court crisis, 2015|Polish Constitutional Court crisis of 2015]], as out-of-scope of the European Union's Framework to Strengthen the Rule of law.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-european-union-shows-poland-why-we-have-brexit-1467747768|title=The European Union Shows Poland Why We Have Brexit|last=Gray|first=Boyden|date=2016-07-05|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-07-12|archive-date=2016-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710173438/http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-european-union-shows-poland-why-we-have-brexit-1467747768|url-status=live))</ref>

In September 2017 [[European Commission]] launched the second stage of infringement over the state of [[rule of law]] in Poland.<ref>((cite web|url=http://thefad.pl/english-newsletter/independence-of-the-judiciary-european-commission-takes-second-step-in-infringement-procedure-against-poland/|title=Independence of the judiciary: European Commission takes second step in infringement procedure against Poland|date=12 September 2017|access-date=12 September 2018|archive-date=21 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921120639/http://thefad.pl/english-newsletter/independence-of-the-judiciary-european-commission-takes-second-step-in-infringement-procedure-against-poland/|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.thenews.pl/1/6/Artykul/325516,EU-escalates-pressure-on-Poland-over-rule-of-law|title=EU escalates pressure on Poland over rule of law|access-date=12 September 2018|archive-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704153109/http://www.thenews.pl/1/6/Artykul/325516,EU-escalates-pressure-on-Poland-over-rule-of-law|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.hfhr.pl/en/rule-of-law-procedure-for-poland-european-commission-takes-another-step/|title=Helsińska Fundacja Praw Człowieka » Rule of law procedure for Poland – European Commission takes another step|website=www.hfhr.pl|access-date=12 September 2018|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919115150/http://www.hfhr.pl/en/rule-of-law-procedure-for-poland-european-commission-takes-another-step/|url-status=live))</ref> This came in the context of a quarrel between Poland and the EU that included also the [[Białowieża Forest#Logging|logging of the Białowieża Forest]], the refusal to accept [[European migrant crisis|refugees]] under the relocation program, and other issues.<ref>((cite news |last1=Pawłowska |first1=Danuta |title=Poland's quarrel with the European Union |url=https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/index.php/eng/News/Data-news/Poland-s-quarrel-with-the-European-Union |access-date=24 August 2018 |work=BiQdata/EDJNet |date=23 July 2018 |archive-date=24 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824135302/https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/index.php/eng/News/Data-news/Poland-s-quarrel-with-the-European-Union |url-status=live ))</ref>

On 14 July 2021, The Polish [[Constitutional Tribunal]] rules that any interim measures from the top European court against Poland's judicial reforms were "not in line" with the Polish constitution. The Polish justice minister, [[Zbigniew Ziobro]], said the constitutional court's decision was "against interference, usurpation and legal aggression by organs of the European Union".<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210715-poland-s-judicial-reform-not-compatible-with-eu-law-court-of-justice-rules|title=Poland's judicial reform 'not compatible' with EU law, Court of Justice rules|date=July 15, 2021|website=France 24|access-date=July 15, 2021|archive-date=July 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715103725/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20210715-poland-s-judicial-reform-not-compatible-with-eu-law-court-of-justice-rules|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/15/top-poland-court-rejects-eu-court-injunctions-as-invalid|title=Poland's top court rejects EU court injunctions as invalid|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2021-07-15|archive-date=2021-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715103725/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/15/top-poland-court-rejects-eu-court-injunctions-as-invalid|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/14/legal-polexit-poland-court-rules-that-eu-measures-are-unconstitutional|title='Legal Polexit': Poland court rules EU measures unconstitutional|date=July 14, 2021|website=the Guardian|access-date=August 12, 2021|archive-date=August 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812130601/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/14/legal-polexit-poland-court-rules-that-eu-measures-are-unconstitutional|url-status=live))</ref>

In August 2021, in the context of the Poland-EU dispute over the Polish judicial reform, Ziobro said Poland should stay in the EU, but not ‘at any cost’.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-justice-minister-zbigniew-ziobro-blackmail-eu-reforms-rule-of-law/|title=Polish minister: Poland should not stay in the EU 'at any cost'|date=August 6, 2021|website=POLITICO|access-date=August 9, 2021|archive-date=August 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809110106/https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-justice-minister-zbigniew-ziobro-blackmail-eu-reforms-rule-of-law/|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/poland-should-not-stay-eu-all-costs-says-minister-2021-08-06/|title=Poland should not stay in EU at all costs, says minister|date=August 6, 2021|website=Reuters|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-date=2021-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808060044/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/poland-should-not-stay-eu-all-costs-says-minister-2021-08-06/|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/poland-should-not-stay-in-eu-at-any-price-minister-says-1.4641046|title=Poland should not stay in EU at 'any price', minister says|first=James Shotter in|last=Warsaw|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-date=2021-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808103636/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/poland-should-not-stay-in-eu-at-any-price-minister-says-1.4641046|url-status=live))</ref>

In September 2021, [[Ryszard Terlecki]] said that the PIS party wants to remain in the EU and have a cooperative relationship, but said that "drastic solutions" (seemingly referring to [[Polexit|Polish withdrawal from the EU]]) may be necessary if the EU was not "acceptable to us".<ref>((cite web |last=Macej |first=Piotr |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/polands-ruling-pis-sends-mixed-signals-on-polexit/ |title=Poland's ruling PiS sends mixed signals on 'Polexit'|website=Euractiv.com |date= 10 September 2021|access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2021-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016074119/https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/polands-ruling-pis-sends-mixed-signals-on-polexit/ |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-09/polish-ruling-party-official-floats-eu-exit-threat-in-legal-row |title=Polish Ruling Party Official Backpedals EU Exit Suggestion |first=Piotr |last=Skolimowski |date= |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2021-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016074117/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-09/polish-ruling-party-official-floats-eu-exit-threat-in-legal-row |url-status=live))</ref>

On 7 October 2021, Polish [[Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)|Constitutional Court]] ruled that parts of the [[Treaty on European Union]] were incompatible with its constitution, therefore opening a new conflict with the European Union.<ref>((cite web|date=2021-10-07|title=Polish court rules that EU laws incompatible with its constitution|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/07/polish-court-rules-that-eu-laws-incompatible-with-its-constitution|access-date=2021-10-07|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=2021-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007161522/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/07/polish-court-rules-that-eu-laws-incompatible-with-its-constitution|url-status=live))</ref>

On 27 October 2021, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) fined Poland €1 million per day, for breaking the law by maintaining the disciplinary chamber of its Supreme Court, as a previous EU ruling called for the disciplinary chamber's suspension. The ECJ ruled that the chamber "[did] not guarantee judicial impartiality". The fine is the highest daily penalty the ECJ has ever imposed on any EU member state.<ref>((cite web|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=EU fines Poland €1 million per day over judicial reforms ((!)) DW ((!)) 27.10.2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/eu-fines-poland-1-million-per-day-over-judicial-reforms/a-59635269|access-date=2021-10-28|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028012358/https://www.dw.com/en/eu-fines-poland-1-million-per-day-over-judicial-reforms/a-59635269|url-status=live))</ref>

==Euroscepticism in Poland==
On 22 November 2020, ''[[Do Rzeczy]]'', a Polish conservative weekly newspaper, published a front-page article called "Polexit: We have the right to talk about it".<ref>((cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/news/150328|title=[Analysis] Playing with fire - Poland's PiS reach for the 'Polexit' matches|website=EUobserver|access-date=2021-07-15|archive-date=2021-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715094544/https://euobserver.com/news/150328|url-status=live))</ref>

The Polish far-right [[Confederation Liberty and Independence]] party has called for a withdrawal from the European Union on several occasions.<ref name="PolandIn">((Cite news |title=Anti-EU Block forms on the Polish right |work=PolandIn |publisher=Telewizja Polska |date=1 March 2019 |url=https://polandin.com/41550243/antieu-block-forms-on-the-polish-right |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101112614/https://polandin.com/41550243/antieu-block-forms-on-the-polish-right |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((cite web|date=2018-12-06|title="Łączy nas Polexit". Narodowcy i Korwin-Mikke łączą siły przed wyborami do PE|url=https://www.dorzeczy.pl/kraj/86059/laczy-nas-polexit-narodowcy-i-korwin-mikke-lacza-sily-przed-wyborami-do-pe.html|access-date=2020-09-30|website=Do Rzeczy|language=pl|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929044940/https://dorzeczy.pl/kraj/86059/laczy-nas-polexit-narodowcy-i-korwin-mikke-lacza-sily-przed-wyborami-do-pe.html|url-status=live))</ref>

==Polling==
In a January 2020 poll, found that 89 percent of Poles said Poland should stay in the EU while six percent said it should leave the union. While a November 20–23 poll found that 87% of Poles said Poland should remain as a member of the European Union and 8% (an increase) of those polled expressed the opposite view, while a further 5 percent was unable to decide.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/overwhelming-majority-of-poles-for-staying-in-eu---poll-17825|title=Overwhelming majority of Poles for staying in EU - poll|website=www.thefirstnews.com|access-date=2021-07-15|archive-date=2021-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715095341/https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/overwhelming-majority-of-poles-for-staying-in-eu---poll-17825|url-status=live))</ref>

In July 2021, SW Research made a poll for the ''[[Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)|Rzeczpospolita]]'' daily, found that 16.9% of respondents answered positively when asked: "In your opinion, should Poland leave the EU?" while another 62.6% responded negatively and just over 20% did not have an opinion.<ref>((cite web|title=Sondaż: Prawie 17 proc. Polaków za polexitem|url=https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art18451451-sondaz-prawie-17-proc-polakow-za-polexitem|access-date=2021-10-12|website=Rzeczpospolita|language=pl|archive-date=2021-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015022849/https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art18451451-sondaz-prawie-17-proc-polakow-za-polexitem|url-status=live))</ref>

== See also == 
* [[Foreign relations of Poland]] 
* [[Foreign relations of the European Union]]
* [[Polexit]]
* [[Poland and the euro]]
* [[History of the European Union]]
* [[:pl:Etapy integracji Polski z Unią Europejską|Stages of Poland's Integration into the EU]] ((in lang|pl))
* [[LGBT ideology-free zone]] 
* [[Media freedom in Poland]]
* [[Human rights in Poland]] 
* [[France–Poland relations]] 
* [[Germany–Poland relations]]

== References ==
((reflist|colwidth=30em))

== External links ==
* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/homepage.html?locale=en Official Journals of the European Union]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150514235031/http://archiwum-ukie.polskawue.gov.pl/ Archived page Office of the Committee for European Integration] ((in lang|pl))
* [http://europa.eu/index_en.htm Official website of the European Union]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140406122911/http://www.polskawue.gov.pl/ Oficjalna strona poświęcona członkostwu Polski w Unii Europejskiej] ((in lang|pl))
* [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/expert/groupAndCountry/search.do?country=PL&language=PL Polacy w Europarlamencie] ((in lang|pl))
((Polish foreign relations))
((Member states of the European Union))

[[Category:History of the European Union]]
[[Category:Poland and the European Union]]
[[Category:Enlargement of the European Union]]

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