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((Refimprove|date=March 2011))
[[Image:Polo 070922 16.jpg|thumb|A polo pony]]
A '''polo pony''' is the term used for a horse used in the game of [[polo]]. They may be of any breed or combination of breeds, though many have a significant amount of [[Thoroughbred]] breeding. They are called "ponies", but that is a reference to their agile type rather than their size; almost all are horse-sized.  They require considerable training and ongoing conditioning, and because each rider requires at least two horses in a single match, this can be a considerable expense.  When playing, polo ponies have their manes roached and tails braided so that there is no danger of being tangled in the mallet.

==Size==
Depending on time and location, the height of polo ponies has varied from about ((hands|13)) in the sixteenth century to modern horses of ((hands|15)) and over.<ref name=autogenerated1>Summerhayes, R S, Encyclopaedia for Horsemen, Frederick Warne & Co, London and New York</ref>  Today, most polo ponies stand around ((hands|15.1)), although it is not unusual to see a horse over 16 hands.  Although they are called "ponies", this is a reference to their agile type rather than their size.  True [[pony]] breeds typically stand a maximum of ((hands|14.2)).<ref>((cite book |author= Ensminger, M.E.|title= Horses and Tack|edition= Revised|publisher= Houghton Mifflin Company|location= Boston, MA|year= 1991|isbn= 0-395-54413-0 |oclc= 21561287|pages=11–12))</ref>

==Breeds==

Various breeds used include mountain ponies from the [[Himalayas]], [[Manipuri Pony|Manipur ponies]] from [[Manipur]], [[Arabian horse|Arabians]] and the ever-popular [[Thoroughbred]] and its crosses.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> In the United States, [[Thoroughbred]]s and [[American Quarter Horse|Quarter Horse]]s are often crossed to produce polo ponies, while in recent years crosses of Thoroughbreds and [[Criollo (horse)|Criollo]] horses from Argentina have become popular.<ref>[http://www.sportpolo.com/Polo_Pony/default.htm "What is a Polo Pony?"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605004400/http://www.sportpolo.com/Polo_Pony/default.htm |date=2008-06-05 )). ''SportPolo''. Reference 5/19/08.</ref> In Australia, [[Australian Stock Horse]]s are the most common breed used in polo.<ref>((Cite web |url=http://www.ashs.com.au/horses/default.asp |title=Australian Stock Horse Society<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302064806/http://www.ashs.com.au/horses/default.asp |archive-date=2009-03-02 |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref>[http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/Parlment/HansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA20031016027 ASH Ministerial Statement]  ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423015343/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20031016027 |date=2006-04-23 ))</ref>

==Preparation==
Polo ponies need to be trained so that they are not afraid to bump into other horses, and not to shy at the ball or at mallets swinging near their heads. They need to be quick and agile so they can turn and follow the ball through its many movements.  They also need to be in good physical condition; there are usually four to six chukkas per match, each chukka lasting seven and a half minutes, with the horse being on the move throughout.  It is typical for a single player to have numerous horses available for each match, using a separate horse for each chukka, sometimes two. Thus there are significant costs of ownership and time required for exercise and conditioning of a polo string.((Citation needed|date=January 2024))

==Grooming==
[[Image:Polo pony docked.jpg|thumb|left|Docked and banged tail on a polo pony, photographed between 1910 and 1915]]
[[Image:Polo pony taped.jpg|thumb|right|A modern polo pony's tail prepared for competition]]
Polo ponies have their [[Mane (horse)|mane]]s [[Mane (horse)#Roaching .28USA.29 or Hogging .28UK.29|hogged]] and their tails plaited up before a match, so that the polo mallet will not get tangled in them.  Formerly, their [[tail (horse)|tails]] would be [[Docking (animal)|docked]] and [[Horse grooming|banged]].  Today, polo ponies in competition often have their [[Rump (animal)|dock]] trimmed or shaved, and the skirt of the tail is braided and folded up against the tailbone.  The braid is tied off with a lock of hair excluded from the braid, taped, or tied off and taped.

==See also==
*[[Horseball]]
*[[Polocrosse]]

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Types of horse]]
[[Category:Polo]]

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