Map of the District when its borders were defined in September 1839
Map of the "Southern or Port Phillip District" in 1840 for Crown Land sale purposes

The Port Phillip District was an administrative division of the Colony of New South Wales from 9 September 1836 until 1 July 1851, when it was separated from New South Wales and became the Colony of Victoria.

In September 1836, NSW Colonial Secretary Alexander Macleay declared Captain William Lonsdale the "Police Magistrate" of "the location of Settlers on the vacant Crown Lands adjacent to the shores of Port Phillip." This position was someone "of which all persons concerned are hereby required to take notice."[1]

In May 1839, Governor George Gipps defined the "Port Phillip District" as "The whole of the Lands comprised in the District lying to the south of the main range, between the Rivers Ovens and Goulburn, and adjacent to Port Phillip."[2] In July that year, Colonial Secretary E Deas Thomson announced that Charles La Trobe was the District's "Superintendent",[3] (which was later said by Governor Gipps "to have the powers of a Lieutenant Governor"[4]).

On 10 September, the District was announced in a government notice to be "all that part of the Territory of New South Wales which is bounded on the north by the thirty-sixth degree of south latitude; on the east by the one hundred and forty-sixth degree of east longitude, measuring from the meridian of Greenwich; on the south by the waters of Bass's Straits and the Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the one hundred and forty-first degree of east longitude, from the said meridian of Greenwich."[4][5][6] (141°E was the border with South Australia.)

Between August 1840 and August 1841, the Port Phillip District Special Surveys occurred, granting large parcels of land.[7]

In December 1840, for the purposes of government land sales, the northern border of the "Southern or Port Phillip District" was defined to follow the course of the Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers, and from its source to the mouth of the Moruya River.[8] In February 1841, it was announced that this did not change the boundaries of La Trobe's jurisdiction.[9]

After extensive opposition in Sydney, including from the Legislative Council, thoughts about the bounds of the district that should be administered from Melbourne were retracted south to follow the Murray River alone.[7][10]

On 30 July 1842, "An Act for the Government of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land" was passed, which defined electorates within those colonies. It included "that for the purposes of this Act the boundary of the District of Port Phillip on the North and North-east shall be a straight line drawn from Cape Howe to the nearest source of the River Murray, and thence the course of that River to the Eastern boundary of the Province of South Australia."[11] In January 1843, it was announced that the Town of Melbourne would have 1 representative in the soon-to-be formed NSW Parliament, while the remainder of the District of Port Phillip would have 5.[12] The polling places were to be in Melbourne, Geelong and Portland.[13]

On 28 February 1843, Governor Gipps proclaimed that the "Southern or Port Phillip District" for land disposal would now be defined as being the Counties of Bourke (Melbourne), Grant (Geelong) and Normanby (Portland).[14] These were the places within La Trobe's territory adjacent to the existing European settlement, and the location of any Crown Land to be sold.

On 1 July 1843, Governor Gipps proclaimed that La Trobe's jurisdiction was now the same as the newly formed electorate.[15][6]

On 1 July 1851, the District was separated from New South Wales under provisions of the Australian Colonies Government Act 1850, and became the Colony of Victoria. This day would be celebrated for many years as "Separation Day."[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "PORT PHILLIP. - New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) - 14 Sep 1836". New South Wales Government Gazette. 14 September 1836. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  2. ^ "PROCLAMATION". New South Wales Government Gazette. 22 May 1839. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Government Gazette Appointments and Employment". New South Wales Government Gazette. 31 July 1839. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  4. ^ a b "PROCLAMATION". New South Wales Government Gazette. 9 February 1841. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  5. ^ Thomson, E Deas (11 September 1836). "General Instructions to the Superintendent of Port Phillip" (PDF). Documenting a Democracy.
  6. ^ a b "What is the northern boundary of Victoria?". The Age. 21 April 1906. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2009.
  7. ^ a b Shaw, A. G. L. (June 1982). "Agitation for the Separation of the Port Phillip District from the Colony of New South Wales, 1838–1850". Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society. Sydney: Royal Australian Historical Society. 68 (1): 1–17. ISSN 0035-8762.
  8. ^ "LAND REGULATIONS". New South Wales Government Gazette. 9 December 1840. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  9. ^ "PROCLAMATION". New South Wales Government Gazette. 9 February 1841. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  10. ^ Shaw, A. G. L. (1996). A History of the Port Phillip District: Victoria Before Separation. Carlton South, Victoria: The Miegunyah Press. ISBN 0-522-84651-3.
  11. ^ "CAP. LXXVI. An Act for the Government of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. [30th July, 1842.]". New South Wales Government Gazette. 5 January 1843. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Government Gazette Proclamations and Legislation". New South Wales Government Gazette. 6 January 1843. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  13. ^ "PROCLAMATION". New South Wales Government Gazette. 5 May 1843. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  14. ^ "PROCLAMATION. - New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) - 28 Feb 1843". New South Wales Government Gazette. 28 February 1843. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  15. ^ "PROCLAMATION". New South Wales Government Gazette. 1 July 1843. Retrieved 24 January 2022.

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