Posner is a surname of German origin, meaning "a person from the city of Posen", now Poznań in Poland.^[1] It is a fairly common surname among Ashkenazi Jews. Variants of the name are Posener and Pozner. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aaron Posner, American playwright and stage director
• Barry Posner (disambiguation), multiple people
• Carl Posner (1854–1928), German urologist
• David M. Posner (1947–2018), American rabbi
• David Posner, fictional character in the Alan Bennett play The History Boys
• Ed Posner (1933–1993), American information theorist and neural network researcher
• Elieser Posner (born 1937), American grain scientist
• Eric Posner (born 1965), American jurist and academic
• Ernst Posner (1892–1980), Prussian state archivist
• Gary H. Posner (1943–2018), American chemist
• Geoff Posner (born 1949), British producer of television and radio comedy
• Gerald Posner (born 1954), American journalist
• Herbert A. Posner (1925–2018), American politician
• Jerome B. Posner, American neurologist
• Kenneth Posner, American lighting designer
• Lindsay Posner (born 1959), British theatre director
• Michael Posner (disambiguation), multiple people
• Neal Pozner (1955–1994), sometimes credited as Neil Pozner, art director, editor, and writer known for his work in the comic book industry
• Rebecca Posner (1929–2018), British philologist, linguist and academic
• Richard Posner (born 1939), prominent American judge and jurist
• Ruth Posner (born 1933), Polish-born actress
• Sarah Posner, American journalist
• Seymour Posner (1925–1988), American politician
• Steven Posner (1943–2010), American corporate raider
• Tracy Posner (born 1962), American actress, animal rights rescuer and activist
• Trisha Posner, British non-fiction writer, wife of Gerald Posner
• Victor Posner (1918–2002), American entrepreneur, father of Tracy
• Vladimir Pozner (disambiguation), multiple people
• Walter Posner (born 1953), German football player
• Zalman I. Posner (1927–2014), American rabbi