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((redirect|potentiation|the concept in neuroscience|long-term potentiation))
((refimprove|date=April 2009))
In clinical terms, a '''potentiator''' is a [[reagent]] that enhances sensitization of an [[antigen]]. Potentiators are used in the clinical laboratory for performing [[blood bank]]ing procedures that require enhancement of [[Agglutination (biology)|agglutination]] to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a patient's blood sample. Examples of potentiators include [[serum albumin|albumin]], LISS (low ionic-strength saline) and PEG ([[polyethylene glycol]]).<ref>*((cite book | author=Harmening, Denise M. | title=Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices | publisher=F. A. Davis Company | year=2005 | isbn=0-8036-1248-6))</ref> Potentiators are also known as enhancement reagents.
			
Albumin acts as a potentiator by reducing the [[zeta potential]] around the suspended red blood cells, thus dispersing the repulsive negative charges and enhancing agglutination. Low ionic strength saline (LISS) is a potentiator that acts by not only reducing the [[zeta potential]], but also by increasing the amount of antibody taken up by the red blood cell during sensitization. LISS is a solution of [[glycine]] and albumin. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a LISS solution removes water from the system and thus concentrates the antibodies present. PEG can cause non-specific aggregation of cells, thus eliminating the necessity for centrifugation after ((convert|37|°C)) incubation. PEG is not appropriate for use in samples from patients with increased plasma protein, such as patients with [[multiple myeloma]]. False-positive results may occur more frequently with the use of polyethylene glycol due to its strong agglutination capabilities.

==Pharmacology==
In clinical pharmacology, a potentiator is a drug, herb, or chemical that intensifies the effects of a given drug. For example, [[hydroxyzine]] or [[dextromethorphan]] is used to get more pain relief and [[anxiolysis]] out of an equal dose of an opioid medication.  The potentiation can take place at any part of the liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of the drug.

==References==
((Reflist))

[[Category:Reagents for organic chemistry]]
[[Category:Chemical reactions]]

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