You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Danish statesman))
((Copy edit|date=July 2023))
((Infobox officeholder
| name                = Povel Ottesen Huitfeldt
| office              = [[Governor-general of Norway]]
| predecessor         = [[Christen Munk]]
| successor           = [[Ludvig Munk]]
| termstart           = 1572
| termend             = 1577
| monarch             = [[Frederick II of Denmark|Frederick II]]
| birth_date          = c. 1520
| death_date          = ((death date|1592|09|21|)) 
aged 72
| death_place         = [[Tryggevælde]], [[Denmark]]
| image               = Poul Huitfeldts gravsten - Norsk portrettarkiv - Riksantikvaren - H000994.jpg
| caption             = Huitfeldt's gravestone in St. Nikolai church, [[Halmstad]] depicting him and his wife Margrethe Breide.
))

'''Povel Ottesen Huitfeldt''' (''Povel Huitfeldt,'' ''Pouel Huitfeldt'' or ''Paul Huitfeldt'', c. 1520 – 21 September 1592) was the first [[Denmark-Norway|Danish-Norwegian]] [[Governor-general of Norway]].<ref name="nbl">((cite web|url=https://nbl.snl.no/Povel_Huitfeldt|title=Povel Huitfeldt
|website=Norsk biografisk leksikon|access-date=October 1, 2019))</ref>

==Early career==
Around 1548, records show that Huitfeldt was with his brother Christoffer, the bailiff at [[Bergenhus Fortress]], in [[Bergen]]. In the summers of 1552–54 and over the winter of 1554–55, he served as the king's representative on [[Iceland]].<ref>Diplomatarium Norvegicum; Published 1889; Item notes: v. 13</ref> Accompanied by a military force, he completed the conversion of Icelanders to the [[Lutheran]] faith after the last [[Catholic]] bishop, [[Jon Arason]], had been executed in 1550. Huitfeldt's wife had been a lady-in-waiting to [[Christian III of Denmark]]’s [[Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg|Queen Dorothea]], and between 1556–59, Huitfeldt served as sheriff at [[Copenhagen]] Castle. In 1559-63 the widowed Queen granted him [[Koldinghus]], the last of the ancient royal castles in [[Jutland]], which was hers to award since she had the right to the income there as widow of a king.<ref name=nbl/>

==Seven Years' War==
As the [[Kalmar Union]] broke down, [[Erik XIV]] in Sweden and [[Frederick II of Denmark|Frederik II]] in Denmark were at odds. On 13 August 1563, Denmark and Lübeck emissaries declared war in [[Stockholm]]. During the [[Northern Seven Years' War]], Huitfeldt was in charge of [[Halmstad]], a port town in the then-Danish province of [[Halland]], which he held during a siege by Swedish forces in the autumn of 1563.<ref name=nbl/> Danish King Fredrik II attacked the only Swedish port on the west coast, [[Älvsborg County|Älvsborg]], advancing from [[Halland]] with an army 25,000 strong and captured Sweden's gateway to the west with three days of bombardment followed by a 6 hour assault on 4 September. This achieved the Danish aim of cutting off Sweden from the North Sea, blocking critical salt imports. Erik XIV then countered by attacking [[Halmstad]] in October, managing to breach the walls with artillery, but two assaults were beaten back.<ref name=Frost>((cite book|author=Frost, Robert I.|title=The Northern Wars; 1558-1721|publisher=Longman, Harlow, England|year=2000|id=0-582-06429-5))</ref>

==Governor-General of Norway==

===Background===
From the collapse of the Norwegian Royal Council in 1536-1537, as the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] gained a dominant position in Norway, until 1572, there was no central Norwegian government to link the king in [[Copenhagen]] with his royal officials and common citizens. Each feudal lord (''lensherre'') was the highest authority in his district and was responsible only to the king through the [[Chancellor of Norway|Norwegian Chancellor]] in the Chancellery (''Kancelli'') in Copenhagen. Since the former Norwegian Royal Council represented Norway's historic right to elect its own king, it is likely that the lack of central authority was initially promoted by the reigning Danish-Norwegian monarch. However, conflicts with Sweden, such as in the [[Northern Seven Years' War]] (1563-1570), highlighted the weaknesses of this approach. Sweden had established a standing army and invaded Norwegian territories such as [[Østerdal]], [[Hedmark]], and as far west as [[Skiensfjord]]. Sweden also invested in [[Akershus Fortress]] in Oslo, burned [[Hamar]] Cathedral, and destroyed the bishop's fortified palace [[Hamarhus]]. Since no standing Norwegian army was maintained, districts in Norway proved unable to defend themselves against even relatively small invading forces.<ref name=J>((cite book|editor=Jesperson, Leon|title=A Revolution from Above? The Power State of 16th and 17th Century Scandinavia|publisher=Odense University Press|year=2000|id=87-7838-407-9))</ref>

From 1572 to 1577, Huitfeldt was the first in a long line of foreign [[Governor-general of Norway|Governors-general of Norway]] (Danish: ''stattholder''), but neither the government in Copenhagen nor Huitfeldt managed to achieve the goals established for his role.<ref name=nbl/> The ''statholder'' was given responsibility for royal property, supervision of the church and clergy, the courts, and oversight of feudal lords to prevent them from oppressing their people and to ensure faithful collection of the king’s taxes. The lands for which he was responsible included a large number of properties, since the crown had traditionally owned land and had also confiscated large amounts of church land during the Reformation. Although it occurred after Huitfeldt's tenure, on 5 July 1588, the ''statholder'' was also charged with being commander-in-chief of Norwegian military forces.<ref>((cite book|editor=Jesperson, Leon|title=''A Revolution from Above? The Power State of 16th and 17th Century Scandinavia''|publisher=Odense University Press U of Nebraska Press|year=2003|ISBN=87-7838-407-9))</ref>

===Huitfeldt's Tenure===
Following the war, Huitfeldt was dispatched to Norway, assuming the role of feudal lord of Brunla Manor in Larvik from 1570 to 1574. In April 1572, he was additionally appointed as the feudal lord for [[Akershus]] and [[Tromsø]]. On May 10, 1572, he was designated to serve as the [[Governor-general of Norway]] and as a judge at the [[Thing (assembly)|lagtings]] in [[Oslo]], [[Bergen]], and [[Trondheim]]. His responsibilities included addressing and resolving complaints from various provinces, overseeing and meticulously managing local officials, ensuring the prompt collection of the king’s revenue, examining the proper administration of crown goods, and supervising the Church's administration. It is likely that Huitfeldt played a part in Chancellor Johan Venstermand’s ouster in the autumn of the same year, given that he was the sole governor tasked with a coordinating role over the judiciary.<ref name=nbl/>

For the initial years, Huitfeldt attended court meetings in Bergen and Trondheim but was granted an exemption by the king in 1575 from traveling to Bergen. He struggled to exert control over local officials; [[Ludvig Munk]] and others persisted in their misuse of tax collections and harsh suppression of peasant resistance in Trøndelag. Moreover, Munk succeeded Huitfeldt as governor in 1577.<ref name=nbl/>

In church administration, Huitfeldt's efforts yielded better outcomes. Acting independently, in 1574 he appointed three officials to oversee the collection of church tithes and manage the church economy. They also compiled ''jordebøker'' ([[cadastre|cadastral surveys]] that provided comprehensive [[land registration|registers]] of the [[metes and bounds|metes-and-bounds]] of [[real estate|real property]]) for all ecclesiastical property in Norway. This work was published for the Diocese of Oslo in 1575 and for the Diocese of Hamar in 1577. This compilation of ''jordebøker'' was titled ''Povel Huitfeldt stiftsbok''; while the original has been lost, a 1601 copy has been preserved, encompassing additions and corrections up to and including the year 1600. A ''jordebøker'' was also prepared for the Diocese of [[Stavanger]], which was completed first but has since been lost. No ''stiftsbok'' was prepared in other dioceses, and the system was discontinued by 1578 generally, and by 1581 in Akershus, resulting in the control of the economy reverting to local church officials and bailiffs.<ref name=nbl/>

Huitfeldt was also an avid proponent of education. Næss remarks, "Although smaller than Bergen, Oslo surpassed that city as a seat of learning, partly due to the support of the Danish governors Povel Huitfeldt and Aksel Gyldenstjerne."<ref>((cite book|author=Harald S. Næss|title=A History of Norwegian Literature|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=1993|ISBN=0-8032-3317-5))</ref>

In 1576, Huitfeldt chaired a meeting in [[Skien]] among delegates from clergy and farmers in [[Stavanger]] county to mediate a conflict regarding tithes. Subsequently, he declared an agreement on the distribution of tithes. Farmers would retain a quarter of the tithe traditionally allocated for the poor but agreed to contribute funds to support students at Stavanger Cathedral School instead. While conflicts persisted in other dioceses, the accord, known as Povel Huitfeldt’s agreement, was ratified by the king and adopted as national guidance.<ref name="nbl" />

==Personal life==
[[File:Coatofarms-Huitfeldt.jpg|thumb|Coat of arms of the Huitfeldt family, depicted by [[Anders Thiset]], 1887.]]
Huitfeldt was born around 1520,<ref>The exact year and place of birth are unknown; the date of birth is approximated from later records.</ref> to Otte Clausen Huitfeldt (who died between 1517–1529) and Barbara Eriksdatter Blaa (who died before 1558). He was the youngest among four brothers, all of whom relocated to Norway, including Christoffer Huitfeldt (c. 1501–1559) and Peder Huitfeldt (who died in 1584).

On 4 February 1554, he wed Margrethe Breide, the daughter of Hans Breide and Thale Emmiksdatter.

In 1575, citing health issues, Povel Huitfeldt sought and obtained an exemption from traveling to Bergen. He stepped down from all other roles in 1577 due to health complications and the arduous travel conditions in Norway, characterized by inadequate roads, perilous bridges, and steep cliffs. Post-retirement, he primarily resided in [[Halland]], where he owned property. From 1581 onward until his demise, he also held the title of feudal lord of [[Tromsø]]. Huitfeldt passed away during a visit to his nephew, Chancellor and historian [[Arild Huitfeldt]], at the Tryggevælde manor south of [[Køge]], on 21 September 1592 at [[Tryggevælde|Tryggevælde Manor]] (on the [[Øresund]]) in [[Zealand (Denmark)|Zealand]]. He was interred at Halmstad Church, [[Sweden]].<ref name="nbl" />

==References==
((Reflist))

==Bibliography==
* ''Dansk Biografisk Leksikon'', vol. 6. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1979-84.
* [[Knut Gjerset|Gjerset, Knut]] (1915) ''History of the Norwegian People, Volumes I & II'' (New York City: The MacMillan Company)
* ''Gyldendal og Politikens Danmarkshistorie'', vol. 7. Copenhagen: Gyldendal and Politiken, 1988-93.
* S. Kolsrud (red.): Oslo og Hamar bispedømmes jordebok 1574–77, 1929
* O. A. Johnsen: ''biografi i NBL1'', vol. 6, 1934
* H. Larsen: ''Povel Huitfeldt, norsk stattholder 1572–77'', h.oppg. UiO, 1936
* P. Colding: ''Studier i Danmarks politiske historie i slutningen af Christian IIs og begyndelsen af Frederik IIs tid''', København 1939
* S. Supphellen: “''Opprettinga av ein norsk statthaldarinstitusjon i 1572''”, i HT, vol. 58, 1979, s. 159–175
* Ø. Rian: ''Den aristokratiske fyrstestaten'', vol. 2 ''i Danmark-Norge 1380–1814'', 1997

((Governors-general of Norway))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Huitfeld, Povel))
[[Category:Governors-general of Norway]]
[[Category:16th-century Danish nobility]]
[[Category:1520 births]]
[[Category:1592 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Danish people]]
[[Category:16th-century Norwegian people]]
[[Category:Huitfeldt family]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Povel Huitfeldt (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Copy edit (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Count (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country2nationality (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Death date (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:En dash range (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find country (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Governors-general of Norway (edit)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISO 3166 code (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox officeholder (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox officeholder/office (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:MONTHNAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:MONTHNUMBER (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nbhyph (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Non breaking hyphen (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Strfind short (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:ISO 3166 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/National (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ParameterCount (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd/i18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Povel Huitfeldt.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povel_Huitfeldt"