The Prince of Tver (Russian: Князь тверской) was the title of the ruler of the Principality of Tver. The princes of Tver descended from the first prince, Yaroslav Yaroslavich (r. 1247–1271).[1][2] In 1485, Tver was formally annexed by Moscow and became an appanage.

History

Following the Mongol invasions, Tver became an independent principality in 1247 with Yaroslav Yaroslavich, the son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir, becoming the first prince of Tver.[3][4] During the 14th century, Tver competed with Moscow for dominance until it declined and was finally annexed by Moscow in 1485 under Ivan III.[5][6] Tver was given to his son Ivan the Young as an appanage.[7]

List of princes

NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Yaroslav Yaroslavich
  • Ярослав Ярославич
1230–1272124716 September 1272Son of Yaroslav II of Vladimir.
Grand Prince of Vladimir since 1264		Yurievichi
Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
  • Святослав Ярославич
?–128512721282/1285Son of Yaroslav YaroslavichYaroslavichi
Saint Mikhail I Yaroslavich
  • Михаил Ярославич
1272–131812861318Son of Yaroslav Yaroslavich, younger brother of Svyatoslav.
Grand Prince of Vladimir since 1305.
Executed by Mongols		Yaroslavichi
Dmitry Mikhailovich
  • the Fearsome Eyes
  • Дмитрий Михайлович Грозные Очи
1299–132613181326Son of Mikhail I.
Grand Prince of Vladimir since 1322.
Executed by Mongols in response to the murder of Yury of Moscow		Yaroslavichi
Alexander I Mikhailovich
  • Александр Михайлович
1301–133913261327Son of Mikhail I, younger brother of Dmitry.
Also Grand Prince of Vladimir.
Forced into exile in Pskov after anti-Mongol uprising in Tver		Yaroslavichi
Konstantin Mikhailovich
  • Константин Михайлович
1306–134513271338Son of Mikhail I, younger brother of Dmitry and Alexander IYaroslavichi
Alexander I Mikhailovich
  • Александр Михайлович
1301–133913381339Restored.
Executed by Mongols		Yaroslavichi
Konstantin Mikhailovich
  • Константин Михайлович
1306–134513391345RestoredYaroslavichi
Vsevolod Alexandrovich
  • Всеволод Александрович
~1328–136413461349Son of Alexander I.
Prince of Kholm
Abdicated		Yaroslavichi
Vasily Mikhailovich
  • Василий Михайлович
~1304–136813491368Son of Mikhail I, younger brother of Dmitry, Alexander I and Konstantin
Prince of Kashin		Yaroslavichi
Mikhail II Alexandrovich
  • Михаил Александрович
1333–139913681399Son of Alexander I
Grand Prince since 1382		Yaroslavichi
Ivan Mikhailovich
  • Иван Михайлович
1357–142513991425Son of Mikhail II
Died of plague		Yaroslavichi
Alexander II Ivanovich
  • Александр Иванович
~1379–142522 May 142525 October 1425Son of Ivan
Died of plague		Yaroslavichi
Yuri Alexandrovich
  • Юрий Александрович
~1400–142525 October 142526 November 1425Son of Alexander II
Died of plague		Yaroslavichi
Boris Alexandrovich
  • Борис Александрович
~1399–146126 November 142510 February 1461Son of Alexander II, younger brother of YuriYaroslavichi
Mikhail III Borisovich
  • Михаил Борисович
1453–150514611485Son of Boris
Forced into exile after brief war with Ivan III of Moscow whose goal was to reunite Russian principalities under a single authority.		Yaroslavichi

In 1485, Ivan III conquered Tver, and until 1490, his son Ivan the Young governed the duchy.

See also

References

  1. ^ Isoahi 2006, p. 215.
  2. ^ Fennell 2022, p. 225.
  3. ^ Fennell, John (13 October 2014). The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200-1304. Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-317-87314-3.
  4. ^ Langer, Lawrence N. (15 September 2021). Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-5381-1942-6.
  5. ^ Figes, Orlando (2022). The Story of Russia. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-1526631749.
  6. ^ Feldbrugge, Ferdinand J. M. (20 October 2017). A History of Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649. BRILL. p. 485. ISBN 978-90-04-35214-8.
  7. ^ Bushkovitch, Paul (18 March 2021). Succession to the Throne in Early Modern Russia: The Transfer of Power 1450–1725. Cambridge University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-108-47934-9.

Bibliography

External links

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