Pristanic acid
Names
IUPAC name
2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C19H38O2/c1-15(2)9-6-10-16(3)11-7-12-17(4)13-8-14-18(5)19(20)21/h15-18H,6-14H2,1-5H3,(H,20,21) checkY
    Key: PAHGJZDQXIOYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C19H38O2/c1-15(2)9-6-10-16(3)11-7-12-17(4)13-8-14-18(5)19(20)21/h15-18H,6-14H2,1-5H3,(H,20,21)
    Key: PAHGJZDQXIOYTH-UHFFFAOYAH
  • O=C(O)C(CCCC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C)C
Properties
C19H38O2
Molar mass 298.504
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Pristanic acid (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid) is a terpenoid acid present at micromolar concentrations in the blood plasma of healthy individuals. It is also found in the lipids from many sources such as freshwater sponges, krill, earthworms, whales, human milk fat, bovine depot fat, butterfat or Californian petroleum. It is usually present in combination with phytanic acid. In humans, pristanic acid is obtained from two sources: either directly from the diet or as the alpha oxidation product of phytanic acid. At physiological concentrations pristanic acid is a natural ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). In liver, pristanic acid is degraded by peroxisomal beta oxidation to propionyl-CoA. Together with phytanic acid, pristanic acid accumulates in several inherited disorders such as Zellweger syndrome.

The salts and esters of pristanic acid are called pristanates.

Pristanic acid was first isolated from butterfat by R. P. Hansen and J. D. Morrison in 1964.[1] The name of the substance is derived from pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane), the corresponding hydrocarbon. Pristane was isolated from shark liver and was named after Latin pristis, "shark".

References

  1. ^ R. P. Hansen, J. D. Morrison, The isolation and identification of 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid from butterfat, Biochemical Journal 1964 Nov;93(2):225-8.
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