Pritzker Architecture Prize
Medal of the Pritzker Architecture Prize
Awarded forA career of achievement in the art of architecture
Sponsored byHyatt Foundation
Reward(s)US$100,000
First awarded1979; 45 years ago (1979)
Last awarded2023
Websitewww.pritzkerprize.com

The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international architecture award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment, which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture.”[1] Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.[2][3][4][5]

The Pritzker Architecture Prize claims to be awarded "irrespective of nationality, race, creed, or ideology".[6] The recipients receive US$100,000, a citation certificate, and, since 1987, a bronze medallion.[1] The designs on the medal are inspired by the work of architect Louis Sullivan, while the Latin inspired inscription on the reverse of the medallion—firmitas, utilitas, venustas (English: firmness, commodity and delight)—is from Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius. Before 1987, a limited edition Henry Moore sculpture accompanied the monetary prize.[1]

The Executive Director of the prize, Manuela Lucá-Dazio,[7] solicits nominations from a range of people, including past Laureates, academics, critics and others "with expertise and interest in the field of architecture." Lucá-Dazio explains the mission of Pritzker Prize, to acknowledge a living architect or architects for a body of built work that has produced a consistent and significant contribution to humanity and to the built environment through the art of architecture.[8]

Any licensed architect can also make a personal application for the prize before November 1 every year. (In 1988 Gordon Bunshaft nominated himself for the award and eventually won it.)[9] The jury, consisting of five to nine "experts ... recognized professionals in their own fields of architecture, business, education, publishing, and culture", deliberates and early in the following year announce the winner.[6] The prize Chair is the 2016 Pritzker laureate Alejandro Aravena; earlier chairs were J. Carter Brown (1979–2002), the Lord Rothschild (2003–2004), the Lord Palumbo (2005–2015), Glenn Murcutt (2016–2018) and Stephen Breyer (2019–2020).[10]

Laureates

Inaugural winner Philip Johnson was cited "for 50 years of imagination and vitality embodied in a myriad of museums, theaters, libraries, houses, gardens and corporate structures".[11] The 2004 laureate Zaha Hadid was the first female prize winner.[12] Ryue Nishizawa became the youngest winner in 2010 at age 44.[13] Partners in architecture (in 2001, Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron, in 2010, Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa, in 2020, Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara, and in 2021, Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal) have shared the award.[14] In 1988, Gordon Bunshaft and Oscar Niemeyer were both separately honored with the award.[15] The 2017 winners, architects Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, and Ramón Vilalta were the first group of three to share the prize.[16][17]

Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
Year Laureate(s) Nationality Photo Example work (year completed) Award ceremony location Ref.
1979 Philip Johnson United States The inaugural laureate Philip Johnson behind an architectural model Glass House (1949) Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC [18]
1980 Luis Barragán Mexico Cuadra San Cristóbal (1968) Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC [4]
1981 James Stirling United Kingdom Seeley Historical Library (1968) National Building Museum, Washington DC [19]
1982 Kevin Roche Ireland
United States		 Ford Foundation Building (1967) Art Institute of Chicago [2][A]
1983 I. M. Pei United States National Gallery of Art, East Building (1978) Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City [20][B]
1984 Richard Meier United States High Museum of Art (1983) National Gallery of Art, Washington DC [2]
1985 Hans Hollein Austria Abteiberg Museum (1982) The Huntington Library, San Marino, California [2]
1986 Gottfried Böhm Germany
(West Germany)		 Church of the Pilgrimage (1968) Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, London [2]
1987 Kenzō Tange Japan St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo (1964) Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas [21]
1988 Gordon Bunshaft
(shared prize) 		United States
–
 Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (1963) Art Institute of Chicago [2][22]
Oscar Niemeyer
(shared prize) 		Brazil Cathedral of Brasília (1958) [2][22]
1989 Frank Gehry Canada
United States		 Gehry Residence (1978) Tōdai-ji, Nara, Japan [23][C]
1990 Aldo Rossi Italy San Cataldo Cemetery (1978) Palazzo Grassi, Venice [24]
1991 Robert Venturi United States National Gallery, Sainsbury Wing (1991) Palace of Iturbide, Mexico City [25]
1992 Álvaro Siza Vieira Portugal Leça Swimming Pools (1966) Harold Washington Library, Chicago [26]
1993 Fumihiko Maki Japan Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium (1991) Prague Castle [21]
1994 Christian de Portzamparc France
–
 City of Music (1995) The Commons, Columbus, Indiana [27]
1995 Tadao Ando Japan Church of the Light (1989) Petit Trianon, Versailles [28]
1996 Rafael Moneo Spain National Museum of Roman Art (1986) Getty Center, Los Angeles [29]
1997 Sverre Fehn Norway Norwegian Glacier Museum (1991) Guggenheim Museum Bilbao [30]
1998 Renzo Piano Italy Kansai International Airport (1994) White House, Washington DC [31]
1999 Norman Foster United Kingdom 1999 winner Norman Foster, giving a speech behind a lecturn HSBC Building (1985) Altes Museum, Berlin [20]
2000 Rem Koolhaas Netherlands Kunsthal (1992) Jerusalem Archaeological Park [32]
2001 Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron Switzerland Tate Modern (2000) Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia [33]
2002 Glenn Murcutt Australia Berowra Waters Inn (1983) Campidoglio, Rome [34]
2003 Jørn Utzon Denmark Sydney Opera House (1973) Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, Madrid [35]
2004 Zaha Hadid Iraq
United Kingdom		 Bergisel Ski Jump (2003) Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg [20][D]
2005 Thom Mayne United States Caltrans District 7 Headquarters (2004) Pritzker Pavilion, Chicago [36]
2006 Paulo Mendes da Rocha Brazil Saint Peter Chapel, Campos do Jordão, São Paulo (1987) Dolmabahçe Palace, Istanbul [37]
2007 Richard Rogers Italy
United Kingdom		 Lloyd's building (1986) Banqueting House, Whitehall, London [38][E]
2008 Jean Nouvel France Torre Agbar (2005) Library of Congress, Washington DC [20][39]
2009 Peter Zumthor Switzerland Therme Vals (1996) Legislative Palace of the City Council, Buenos Aires [20][40]
2010 Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa Japan 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa (2003) Ellis Island, New York City [41]
2011 Eduardo Souto de Moura Portugal Estádio Municipal de Braga (2004) Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, Washington DC [42]
2012 Wang Shu China Ningbo Museum (2008) Great Hall of the People, Beijing [43]
2013 Toyo Ito Japan Sendai Mediatheque (2001) John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston [44]
2014 Shigeru Ban Japan Centre Pompidou-Metz (2010) Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam [45]
2015 Frei Otto Germany
–
 Olympic Stadium, Munich (1972) New World Center, Miami [46][47] [†]
2016 Alejandro Aravena Chile Siamese Towers, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (2005) United Nations Headquarters, New York City [48][49]
2017 Rafael Aranda, Carme Pigem, and Ramón Vilalta Spain
–
 Sant Antoni Library, Barcelona (2008) Akasaka Palace, Tokyo [50]
2018 B. V. Doshi India Indian Institute of Management Bangalore (1977–1992, multiple phases) Aga Khan Museum, Toronto [51][52]
2019 Arata Isozaki Japan Art Tower Mito (1990) Palace of Versailles [53]
2020 Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara Ireland

The Grafton Building of Bocconi University (2007) Online[54][55][56] [14][G]
2021 Lacaton & Vassal France National School of Architecture, Nantes (2009) Online[57] [58][G]
2022 Diébédo Francis Kéré Burkina Faso
Germany 		Centre for Earth Architecture, Mopti, Mali (2010) LSE Marshall Building, London [59][H]
2023 David Chipperfield United Kingdom Neues Museum, Berlin (1997–2009) Ancient Agora of Athens [60]

Table notes

A. a Roche was born in Ireland.[61]
B. b Pei was born in China.[62]
C. c Gehry was born in Canada.[63]
D. d Hadid was born in Iraq.[64]
E. e Rogers was born in Italy into an Anglo-Italian family.[65]
F.  † Posthumous award.
G. g Ceremony held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
H. h Kéré was born in Burkina Faso.[66]

Criticism

In 2013, the student organization "Women in Design" at the Harvard Graduate School of Design started a petition arguing Denise Scott Brown should receive joint recognition with her partner, Robert Venturi, who won the award in 1991.[67] The petition, according to The New York Times, "reignited long-simmering tensions in the architectural world over whether women have been consistently denied the standing they deserve in a field whose most prestigious award was not given to a woman until 2004, when Zaha Hadid won".[68] Scott Brown told CNN that "as a woman, she had felt excluded by the elite of architecture throughout her career," and that "the Pritzker Prize was based on the fallacy that great architecture was the work of a 'single lone male genius' at the expense of collaborative work."[69] Responding to the petition, the prize jury said that it cannot revisit the decisions of past juries, either in the case of Scott Brown or that of Lu Wenyu, whose husband Wang Shu won in 2012.[70] The 2020 Pritzker jury said in its citation awarding the prize to Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara – making them the fourth and fifth women to ever be awarded the prize – that they were, "pioneers in a field that has traditionally been and still is a male-dominated profession [and] beacons to others as they forge their exemplary professional path."[71]

See also

References

General

Specific

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