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((Short description|Type of alcoholic beverage made in prison))
((Other uses))
((More citations needed|date=August 2007))
__NOTOC__
'''Pruno''', also known as “hooch” or '''prison wine''', is an [[Alcoholic drink|alcoholic beverage]] variously made from [[Apple (fruit)|apples]], [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[fruit cocktail]], [[fruit juices]], [[hard candy]], [[sugar]], [[high fructose syrup]], and possibly other ingredients, including crumbled [[bread]].<ref name="Pruno, Ramen, and a Side of Hope" >((cite book |last1=B. Lance |first1=Courtney |title=Pruno, Ramen, and a Side of Hope |date=February 2015 |publisher=Post Hill Press |isbn=978-1618689252|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWcfDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA266|page=266 ))</ref> Bread is incorrectly thought to contain [[yeast (wine)|yeast]] for the pruno to ferment. Pruno originated in (and remains largely confined to) [[prison]]s, where it can be produced with the limited selection of equipment and ingredients available to inmates. It can be made using only a plastic bag, hot running water, and a towel or sock to conceal the pulp during [[fermentation (food)|fermentation]]. The end result has been colorfully described as a "[[bile]] flavored [[Wine cooler|wine-cooler]]".<ref>((cite web|last=Hardesty|first=Greg|title='Pruno' brew is the toast of the O.C. jail|date=8 June 2011 |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/06/08/pruno-brew-is-the-toast-of-the-oc-jail/|publisher=The Orange County Register|access-date=2 May 2021))</ref> Depending on the time spent fermenting (always balanced against the risk of discovery by officers), the sugar content, and the quality of the ingredients and preparation, pruno's [[alcohol by volume|alcohol content by volume]] can range from as low as 2% (equivalent to a very weak beer) to as high as 14% (equivalent to a strong wine).

==Description==
[[File:Prison wine.jpeg|thumb|right|A ((convert|1|USgal|l|adj=on|spell=in)) jug of contraband prison wine made from oranges, confiscated from an inmate]]
Typically, the fermenting mass of fruit—called the ''motor'' or ''kicker'' in prison parlance—is [[starter culture|retained from batch to batch]] to make the fermentation start faster. The more sugar that is added, the greater the potential for a higher alcohol content—to a point. Beyond this point, the waste products of fermentation (mainly alcohol) cause the motor to die or go dormant as the [[yeast]]s' environment becomes too poisoned for them to continue fermenting. This also causes the taste of the end product to suffer. [[Ascorbic acid]] powder is sometimes used to stop the fermentation at a certain point, which, combined with the tartness of the added acid, somewhat enhances the taste by reducing the cloyingly sweet flavor associated with pruno.

In 2004 and 2005 [[botulism]] outbreaks were reported among inmates in two California prisons; the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] suspects that potatoes used in making pruno were to blame in both cases.<ref>((cite journal|vauthors=Vugia DJ, Mase SR, Cole B, Stiles J, Rosenberg J, Velasquez L |title=Botulism from Drinking Pruno |date=January 2009|journal= Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=15|issue=1|pages=69–71 |display-authors=etal|doi=10.3201/eid1501.081024|pmid=19116055|pmc=2660710))</ref> In 2012, similar botulism outbreaks caused by potato-based pruno were reported among inmates at prisons in Arizona and Utah.<ref>((cite web|last=Hensley|first=Scott|title=Botulism From 'Pruno' Hits Arizona Prison (7 February 2013)|website=NPR |date=7 February 2013 |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/02/07/171385104/botulism-from-pruno-hits-arizona-prison|access-date=15 February 2013))</ref><ref>((cite web|last=Hensley|first=Scott|title=Botulism Outbreak Tied to Contaminated Prison Hooch (5 October 2012)|website=NPR |date=5 October 2012 |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/10/04/162291607/botulism-outbreak-tied-to-contaminated-prison-hooch|access-date=15 February 2013))</ref>

Inmates are not permitted to have alcoholic beverages, and correctional officers confiscate pruno whenever and wherever they find it. In an effort to eradicate pruno, some wardens have gone as far as banning all fresh fruit, fruit juices, and fruit-based food products from prison cafeterias.<ref>((cite news |last=LeDuff |first=Charlie|title=No Vintage California Pruno for New Year's? What's a Jailhouse Oenophile to Do? |date=1 January 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/01/us/no-vintage-california-pruno-for-new-year-s-what-s-a-jailhouse-oenophile-to-do.html |work=The New York Times|access-date=16 February 2013))</ref> But even this is not always enough; there are pruno varieties made almost entirely from [[sauerkraut]] and [[orange juice]]. Food [[hoarding]] in the inmate cells in both prisons and jails allows the inmates to acquire ingredients and produce pruno. During jail and prison inmate cell searches, correctional officers remove excessive or unauthorized food items to halt the production of pruno. Pruno is hidden under bunks, inside toilets, inside walls, trash cans, in the shower area and anywhere inmates feel is safe to brew their pruno away from the prying eyes of correctional officers and jailers.<ref>((cite book|last=Wilkinson|first=William Richard|title=Prison Work: A Tale of Thirty Years in the California Department of Corrections |year=2005|publisher=Ohio State University Press|isbn=0814210015|pages=78–79|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bfw2SUfiWmMC&q=pruno&pg=PA78))</ref>

[[Jarvis Jay Masters]], a [[death row]] inmate at [[San Quentin State Prison|San Quentin]], offers an oft-referenced recipe for pruno in his poem "Recipe for Prison Pruno",<ref>((cite web|last=Masters|first=Jarvis Jay|title=Recipe for Prison Pruno|url=http://www.pen.org/poetry/recipe-prison-pruno|publisher=PEN America|access-date=15 February 2013|date=2005-06-16))</ref> which won a [[PEN award]] in 1992.

Another recipe for pruno can be found in [[Michael Finkel]]'s ''Esquire'' article on Oregon death row inmate Christian Longo.<ref>((cite web|last=Finkel|first=Michael|title=How I Convinced a Death-Row Murderer Not to Die.|url=https://classic.esquire.com/article/2010/1/1/when-christian-longo-asked-if-i-wanted-to-watch-him-die-i-told-him-i-did|work=Esquire|date=21 December 2009|access-date=15 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108033914/http://www.esquire.com/features/christian-longo-0110-3|archive-date=8 November 2012))</ref>

In 2004 at the American Homebrewers Association's National Homebrew Conference in Las Vegas, a pruno competition and judging was held.<ref>((cite web|last=Hardesty|first=Greg|title='Pruno' brew is the toast of the O.C. jail|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/pruno-303659-lynch-county.html|work=The Orange County Register |date=8 June 2011|access-date=15 February 2013))</ref>

A variety of other prison-made alcoholic potables are known to exist. These include crude [[wine]]s, famously fermented in [[flush toilet|toilet]] tanks. Sugary beverages like [[orange drink]] may also be fermented and distilled using a [[radiator]] or other available heat source. Though popularized in prison fiction, these techniques are slow and laborious, and generally result in a low alcohol content.

==See also==
((colbegin))
* [[Bum wine]]
* [[Changaa]]
* [[Chicha]]
* [[Drinking culture]]
* [[Jenkem]]
* [[Kilju]]
* [[Kvas]]
* [[Moonshine]] (hooch)
* [[Pájaro verde]]
* [[Poitín]]
* [[Rum-running|Bootlegging]]
* [[Tepache]]
* [[Tharra]]
* [[White Lightning (cider)|White Lightning]]
((colend))

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [http://www.moderndrunkardmagazine.com/issues/11-03/11-03-jailhouse.htm "Jailhouse Hooch: How to Get Liquored Up While Locked Down"] from ''[[Modern Drunkard Magazine]]''
* [http://www.blacktable.com/gillin030901.htm Blacktable.com] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413125556/http://www.blacktable.com/gillin030901.htm |date=2020-04-13 ))—a complete pruno recipe, including detailed instructions and frequent disclaimers.
* [http://www.thesneeze.com/mt-archives/000373.php "Steve Don't Eat It, Vol. 8: Prison Wine"]—extensive, humorous account of pruno preparation and tasting, with photographs, from ''The Sneeze''.
* [http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Pruno "How to Make Pruno: 8 steps"]—on wikiHow
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141203090553/http://www.inmate.com/prison-articles/jailhouse-pruno.htm "Jailhouse Pruno -- Homemade Booze: It'll Kill You"]—story about pruno-making methods, pruno stashing, and the cost of pruno in Sacramento, California's New Folsom prison circa 1995.

[[Category:Fermented drinks]]
[[Category:Prison-related crime]]
[[Category:Prison drinks]]

[[ru:Брага]]

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