Psalm 121 is the 121st psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help”. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 120. In Latin, it is known as Levavi oculos meos in montes.[1]
It is one of 15 psalms categorized as Song of Ascents (Shir Hama'alot), although unlike the others, it begins, Shir LaMa'alot (A song to the ascents). The psalm is structured as a dialogue, with its opening question, From whence comes my help? being answered, possibly in a temple setting, by the priest.[2]
I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help.
My help cometh from the LORD, which made heaven and earth.
He will not suffer thy foot to be moved: he that keepeth thee will not slumber.
Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep.
The LORD is thy keeper: the LORD is thy shade upon thy right hand.
The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night.
The LORD shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall preserve thy soul.
The LORD shall preserve thy going out and thy coming in from this time forth, and even for evermore.
Uses
Original usage
As a song of ascent, this psalm may have been sung by the Levites at the Temple in Jerusalem. It is also possible that it was sung by pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. At the beginning of the pilgrimage, in the mountainous region of the Judean Hills, the pilgrim recognizes that the Lord is the one who can give him the help he needs. The one who trusts in the Lord is certain that He will bring him protection day and night. The psalm's dialogue moves from the first to the second person in verse 3,[2] and even takes the form of a blessing in verses 7 and 8. This will conclude the prayer of different singers by the prospect of change.
Charles Spurgeon called it a soldier's song as well as a traveller's hymn.[10]David Livingstone read the Psalm with his family at the dockside on his leaving for Africa.[11] In The Living Bible, writer Kenneth N. Taylor reads the opening verse in a slightly different many from most translations: Shall I look to the mountain gods for help? 2 No! My help is from Jehovah who made the mountains![12]
Catholic Church
Around 530, St. Benedict of Nursia chose this Psalm for the third office during the week, specifically from Tuesday until Saturday between Psalm 120 (119) and Psalm 122 (121). Allocating Psalm 119 (118), which is longer, to the services on Sunday and Monday, he structured offices of the week with the following nine psalms.[13] In the Liturgy of Hours today, Psalm 121 is recited Vespers Friday of the second week. In the liturgy of the Word, it took the 29th Sunday in Ordinary Time, year C. It is during this period that the Church prays for refugees.[14]
Heinrich Schütz created a version in German for four voices and basso continuo, SWV 31. He also wrote a setting of a metred paraphrase of the psalm in German, "Ich heb mein Augen sehnlich auf", SWV 122, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.
Israeli Hasidic singer-songwriter Yosef Karduner composed a popular Hebrew version of Psalm 121, Shir LaMa'alot (2000), which has been covered by many Israeli artists,[19] including Omer Adam, Ninet Tayeb, Mosh Ben-Ari, the Shalva Band, among others. It is a staple amongst synagogue youth groups in Israel and Canada.[20]
In his World War I-era “Close Ranks” editorial, W.E.B. Du Bois wrote, “We make no ordinary sacrifice, but we make it gladly and willingly with our eyes lifted to the hills.”[24]
Several contemporary Israeli poets, such as Leah Goldberg and Haim Gouri, wrote poems named after the psalm's first words ("I will lift my eyes to the mountains") or a variation of them.
Yarra Valley Grammar co-educational grammar school, located in Ringwood, a suburb of Melbourne, Australia uses the motto Levavi Oculos.
