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((Short description|Traditional fair held in Ireland))
((More citations needed|date=September 2022))
((Use Hiberno-English|date=August 2022))
((Use dmy dates|date=August 2022))
((redirect|King Puck|the album|King Puck (album)))[[File:Puck Fair, Killorglin, Co. Kerry.jpg|thumb|Puck Fair c.1900|373x373px]]The '''Puck Fair''' ([[Irish language|Irish]]: ''Aonach an Phoic'', meaning "Fair of the He-Goat", 'poc' being the Irish for a male goat)<ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PaYNhv8cb4MC&q=puck+fair&pg=PA92 |title=Southwest Ireland, 5th - Catharina Day - Google Books |isbn=9781860113628 |accessdate=2012-11-21|last1=Day |first1=Catharina |year=2007 ))</ref> is one of [[Ireland]]'s oldest [[fairs]]. It takes place annually from 10&ndash;12 August in [[Killorglin]], [[County Kerry]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://puckfair.ie/ |title=Puck Fair |publisher=puckfair.ie |accessdate=2023-07-12))</ref>

==Description==
[[File:King puck.jpg|thumb|Bronze statue of '''"King Puck"''' in Killorglin|left|212x212px]]Every year a group of people go up into the [[MacGillycuddy's Reeks]] mountain range and catch a wild goat.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/weekend/2011/0806/1224301924609.html |title=Sat, Aug 06, 2011 - Give me a crash course in |publisher=The Irish Times |date=2011-08-08 |accessdate=2012-11-21))</ref> The goat is brought back to the town and the "Queen of Puck", traditionally a young school girl from one of the local primary schools, crowns the goat "King Puck".<ref>((cite web|url=http://irishamerica.com/2011/10/puck-fair-irelands-oldest-festival/ |title=Puck Fair: Ireland's Oldest Festival |publisher=Irish America |date= October 2011|accessdate=2012-11-21))</ref>

The goat is then put into a small cage on a high stand for three days, and on the 3rd day of the fair, he is brought down to be led back to the mountains. In the middle of the town square,  he is crowned and this signifies that the festivities may begin. The [[Public houses in Ireland|pubs]] stay open until 3.00 AM which is a legal exception due to the fair as all bars in Ireland normally must close at 2.00 AM. This is a source of contention with the [[Garda Síochána|local police]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2008/0711/1215677272265.html |title=Fri, Jul 11, 2008 - Judge refuses to curtail 3am pub closing times at Puck Fair |publisher=The Irish Times |date=2008-07-07 |accessdate=2012-11-21))</ref>

More recently, and further to significant objections from animal rights groups, "King Puck" has only been displayed on the fair stand for a couple of hours rather than 3 whole days.<ref>((Cite web |date=2023-08-10 |title=Animal rights group calls for Puck Fair tradition to be stopped |url=https://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/animal-rights-group-calls-for-puck-fair-tradition-to-be-stopped-1513498.html |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=BreakingNews.ie |language=en))</ref>

===Markets===
Tradition dictates that a horse fair takes place on the first day and on the second day there is a cattle fair. There are usually many street vendors during the festival who advertise their wares to the large numbers of tourists who come to Killorglin for the fair.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.puckfair.ie/info.php |title=Puck Fair - Irelands Oldest Fair, every August 10th, 11th and 12th |publisher=Puckfair.ie |accessdate=2012-11-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919192426/http://www.puckfair.ie/info.php |archivedate=2012-09-19 ))</ref>

==History==
The fair itself is purported to be ancient but can only officially be traced back as far as 1613 when [[James VI and I|King James I]] issued a charter granting legal status to the existing fair in Killorglin. Despite this fact, its roots are still unknown, although there are several legends of its origins.

One of the legends of the fair is that the event pays tribute to a goat that broke away from its herd, while the rest of the herd headed towards the mountains, and warned the town's inhabitants while the “Roundheads” were pillaging the countryside around Shanara and Kilgobnet at the foot of the McGillycuddy Reeks. The advancing army of [[Oliver Cromwell]] during his [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland|conquest of Ireland in the 17th century]] triggered the pillages around the countryside. The goat's arrival alerted the inhabitants of danger, and they immediately set out to protect the town and their herds. This is explained in the traditional Irish ballad, An Poc ar Buile (the Mad Puck Goat).

Scholars speculate that the fair's origins stem from [[Prehistoric Ireland|Pre-Christian Ireland]], from the Celtic festival of [[Lughnasa]] which symbolised the beginning of the [[harvest|harvest season]], and that the goat is a pagan fertility symbol.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.puckfair.ie/history.php |title=Puck Fair - Irelands Oldest Fair, every August 10th, 11th and 12th |publisher=Puckfair.ie |accessdate=2012-11-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110071108/http://www.puckfair.ie/history.php |archivedate=2012-11-10 ))</ref>

In 1931, [[Margaret Murray]] tied the Puck Fair into her version of the [[witch-cult hypothesis]], asserting that it was a pre-Christian festival in honour of the [[Horned God]].((sfn|Murray|1952|pp=43&ndash;44)) However, historians Jeffrey B. Russell and Brooks Alexander have asserted that "Today, scholars are agreed that Murray was more than just wrong &ndash; she was completely and embarrassingly wrong on nearly all of her basic premises."((sfn|Russell|Alexander|2007|p=154))

In 1941, a [[ballet]] entitled ''Puck Fair'', based on a poem about the fair by [[F. R. Higgins|F.R. Higgins]], was staged at the [[Gaiety Theatre, Dublin|Gaiety Theatre]]. The ballet was choreographed by [[Cepta Cullen]] and composed by [[Elizabeth Maconchy]], with set design by [[Mainie Jellett|Mainie Jellet]].

The 2020 and 2021 festivals were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the event returned in 2022. High temperatures necessitated taking the goat down from its high stand for a number of breaks.<ref>((cite news|work=RTÉ|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0812/1315353-king-puck/|title=Goat taken down from stand at King Puck festival again|date=12 August 2022|access-date=16 August 2022))</ref>

In 1993 folk singer [[Christy Moore]] released an album [[King Puck (album)|King Puck]] and its title track.<ref>((cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Christy |title=One Voice |date=2012 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Gaelic Ireland]]
* [[Irish mythology]]

==References==
===Footnotes===
((Reflist))

===Sources===
((Refbegin))
* ((cite book |title=The God of the Witches |last=Murray |first=Margaret A. |year=1952 |origyear=1931 |publisher=Faber and Faber |location=London ))
*((cite book |title=A New History of Witchcraft: Sorcerers, Heretics and Pagans |last1=Russell |first1=Jeffrey B. |last2=Alexander |first2=Brooks |year=2007 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |isbn=978-0-500-28634-0 ))
((refend))

((coord missing|Ireland))
((authority control))
((Agricultural shows in Ireland))

[[Category:Cultural festivals in Ireland]]
[[Category:Festivals in Ireland]]
[[Category:Culture of Ireland]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Ireland by county]]
[[Category:Festivals established in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in the 1610s]]
[[Category:1613 establishments in Ireland]]
[[Category:Summer events in the Republic of Ireland]]

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