| Pycnoclavella diminuta | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pycnoclavella diminuta in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Tunicata |
| Class: | Ascidiacea |
| Order: | Aplousobranchia |
| Family: | Clavelinidae |
| Genus: | Pycnoclavella |
| Species: | P. diminuta
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pycnoclavella diminuta | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Pycnoclavella diminuta, known as the white-spotted sea squirt, white-spot ascidian,[1] and white-spotted ascidian,[2] is a species of tunicate (sea squirt), in the genus Pycnoclavella. Like all ascidians, these sessile animals are filter feeders.[3]
Description
[edit]Pycnoclavela diminuta lives in colonies composed of small clusters of zooids that originate from a common stalk. Each zooid is approximately 0.5–1 cm (0.20–0.39 in) in length. They are golden yellow-orange in colour and have white spots. The spots vary in shape and size, but are well defined, and are consistent throughout the colony.
This species can be confused with Pycnoclavella flava (formerly Clavina flava), which may also have white spots.[2][4] But Pycnoclavela diminuta can be differentiated in that the spots are always clearly defined and always constant.[2]
Distribution
[edit]This species occurs in numerous locations, including:[2]
- Western Pacific Ocean
- Indo-West Pacific[5]
- Australia[6]
- Lord Howe Island
- New Caledonia
- Indonesia
- Philippines[1]
Behaviour
[edit]Pycnoclavella diminuta is a sessile suspension feeder.[1]
Habitat
[edit]This ascidian lives in depths from 5 to 20 metres[1] in the benthic zone in caves and under ledges.[2][5] It often occurs in environments with soft corals such as Dendronephthya and Scleronephthya.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e "Section: Sea Squirts/Tunicates: Group: Sea Squirts - mostly colonial - Order Aplousobranchia: Species: Clavelina diminuta (White-spot Ascidian)".
- ^ a b c d e f "White-spotted ascidian". Archived from the original on 2011-02-09. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
- ^ WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Pycnoclavella diminuta (Kott, 1957)
- ^ Shenkar N, Gittenberger A, Lambert G, Rius M, Moreira Da Rocha R, Swalla BJ, Turon X, eds. (2018). "Clavelina flava". Ascidiacea World Database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
- ^ a b "Pycnoclavella diminuta".
- ^ "Clavelina diminuta, white-spot ascidian".
Further reading
[edit]- Coleman, N., 2000. Marine life of the Maldives. Atoll Editions, Victoria, Australia. (ISBN 1 876410 36 1)
- Kott, P., 1990. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 2: Aplousobranchia (1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 1-226.
- Kott, P., 1992. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 3: Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 375-620.
- Kott, P., 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 4: Aplousobranchia (3), Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47(1): 1-407.
- Kott, P., 2002. Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The Beagle 18: 19-55.
- Millar, R.H., 1970. British Ascidians. Tunicata: Ascidiacea. Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species. Synopses of The British Fauna (New Series) 1.
- Monniot, F., C. Monniot & P. Laboute, 1991. Coral Reef Ascidians of New Caledonia. Collection Fauna tropicale 30, ORSTOM, Paris. (ISBN 2 7099 1050 0)
- Monniot, F. & C. Monniot, 1996. New collections of ascidians from the western Pacific and Southeastern Asia. Micronesia 29 (2): 133-279.
- Monniot, F. & C. Monniot, 2001. Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema 23 (2): 201-383.
- Nishikawa, T., 1980. Contributions to the Japanese ascidian fauna. XXXIII: Ascidians from the coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 13: 97-111.