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((Short description|North Korean car manufacturer))
((more citations needed|date=September 2015))
((Infobox company
| name = Pyeonghwa Motors<br /><small>''Pyeonghwa Jadongcha''<br />평화자동차</small>
| logo =Pyeonghwa Motors.png
| logo_size = 200px
| type = State-owned company
| foundation = ((Start date and age|1998))
| location_city =Pyongyang
| location_country = North Korea
| locations = <!-- number of physical production sites/locations the company has -->
| area_served = North Korea, Vietnam
| key_people = Park Sang-Kwon, CEO and Chairman<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.tparents.org/Library/Unification/Talks/Park/Park-111200.htm|title=Interview of Sang Gwon Park, President of North Korea's Pyeonghwa Motors|website=www.tparents.org))</ref>
| industry = Manufacturing
| products = Automobiles
| owner = Ryonbong<br/>Unification Church
))

'''Pyeonghwa Motors''' ([[Hangul]] : 평화자동차) ([[Hancha]] : 平和自動車), a [[Korean language]] word for "[[peace]]",<ref name="CNK">((Cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15127278/cars-from-north-korea-features|title=Cars from North Korea: Axis of Evil|first=Justin|last=Berkowitz|date=August 13, 2010|website=Car and Driver))</ref> also spelled '''Pyonghwa''', is one of the two car manufacturers and dealers in the [[Automotive industry in North Korea|North Korean automotive industry]], alongside [[Sungri Motor Plant]]. Until 2013, it was a joint venture in [[Nampo]] between Pyonghwa Motors of [[Seoul]] ([[South Korea]]), a company owned by [[Sun Myung Moon]]'s [[Unification Church]], and the [[North Korea]]n [[Ryonbong|Ryonbong General Corp]]. The joint venture produced small cars under licence from [[Fiat]] and [[Brilliance China Auto]],<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.coreadelnorte.host.sk/autos.php|title=Pyongwha Fiparam, el utilitario que anima la industria del automóvil de la RPDC|publisher=Choson Digest|access-date=2011-08-08|language=es|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808034945/http://www.coreadelnorte.host.sk/autos.php|archive-date=2011-08-08))</ref> a [[pickup truck]] and an [[SUV]] using [[complete knock down]] kits from Chinese manufacturer [[Liaoning Shuguang Automotive Group|Dandong Shuguang]], and a luxury car of [[KG Mobility|SsangYong]] design.((citation needed|date=September 2015)) From 2013, the company has been fully owned by the North Korean state.<ref name="MASH">((Cite web|url=https://mashable.com/2015/11/01/north-korea-cars/|title=Yes, North Korea makes cars, and here are the latest models|first=John|last=Power|website=Mashable|date=2 November 2015 ))</ref>

Pyeonghwa has the exclusive rights to car production, purchase, and sale of used cars in North Korea. However, most North Koreans are unable to afford a car. Because of the very small market for cars in the country, Pyeonghwa's output is reportedly very low: in 2003, only 314 cars were produced even though the factory had the facilities to produce up to 10,000 cars a year.<ref>((cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200401/200401180004.html|title=The Chosun Ilbo (English Edition): Daily News from Korea|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref>

Erik van Ingen Schenau, author of the book ''Automobiles Made in North Korea'', has estimated the company's total production in 2005 at not more than around 400 units.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.chinacarforums.com/forum/showpost.php?p=13072&postcount=3|title=China Car Forums&nbsp;— View Single Post&nbsp;— Pyeonghwa Motors (DPRK) and Mekong (Vietnam)|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref>

==History==
Pyeonghwa Motors was officially founded by the [[Unification Church]].<ref name="WSJ  Nov 27">((cite web|last=Ramstad|first=Evan|title=End of the Road for North Korean Auto Maker?|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/11/27/end-of-the-road-for-north-korean-auto-maker/|publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]] -Korea RealTime|access-date=2012-12-06|date=November 27, 2012<!--, 3:52 PM KST.-->))</ref> The venture came during the period of the [[Sunshine Policy]] between North and South Korea, when sanctions on the country were not as tough.<ref>((cite web|title=North Korean Cars: Pyonghwa Motors|url=https://www.visitthedprk.org/north-korean-cars-pyonghwa-motors/|publisher=Visit North Korea|access-date=2019-06-24|date=2019-06-24))</ref> The venture was announced in 2000.((citation needed|date=September 2015))

In 2002, around $55 million was set aside to build the factory,<ref name="WSJ  Nov 27"/><ref name="Yon Nov 28">((cite web|title=Unification Church to wind up auto venture in NK|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/11/485_125697.html|publisher=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|access-date=2012-12-05|date=2012-11-28))</ref> with which the first production line in Nampo was completed and the first Hwiparam was produced.((citation needed|date=September 2015)) The Premio and Pronto were later introduced in 2004.

In 2009, PM earned about $700,000 from the sale of 650 cars, with $500,000 remitted to South Korea.<ref name="WSJ  Nov 27"/><ref name="Yon Nov 28"/> Park Sang-Kwon, Pyeonghwa Motors president, started talks to end investment in 2012.<ref name="Yon Nov 28"/>

The Unification Church officially transferred all investment to Pyongyang in 2013.<ref name="MASH"?/>

==Model list==
[[File:Pyeonghwa Pronto in Vietnam 2012.jpg|thumb|Pronto GS]]

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| '''Model'''
| '''Production'''
| '''Status'''
| '''Body style'''
| '''Country of production'''
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mercedes-Benz W201|410]]
| 1994 to 2002
| Import and conversion
| Saloon
| Germany ⇒ North Korea / China
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Fiat_Siena#First_generation_(1996)|Hwiparam]]
| 2002 to 2006
| Mass production
| Saloon
| North Korea
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Brilliance BS4|Hwiparam&nbsp;II]]
| since 2005
| Import
| Saloon
| China
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Brilliance BS2|Hwiparam&nbsp;III]]
| since 2011
| Import
| Saloon
| China
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Pyeonghwa Zunma|Junma]]
| 2006
| Concept car
| Saloon
| North Korea
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[DFSK K-Series|Paso 990]]
| since 2011
| Mass production
| Minivan
| Vietnam
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Fiat_Doblò#First_generation_(2000–2010)|Ppeokkugi]]
| 2003 to 2004
| Mass production
| Van
| North Korea
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mekong_Auto#Pyeonghwa_Motors|Ppeokkugi II]]
| since 2004
| Mass production
| SUV
| North Korea
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mekong_Auto#Pyeonghwa_Motors|Ppeokkugi III]]
| since 2004
| Mass production
| SUV and Pick-up
| North Korea
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Huanghai_Landscape_F1#Pyeonghwa_Ppeokkugi|Ppeokkugi 4WD-A]]
| since 2009
| Mass production
| SUV
| North Korea
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Huanghai_Landscape_F1#Pyeonghwa_Ppeokkugi|Ppeokkugi 4WD-B]]
| since 2009
| Mass production
| SUV
| Czech Republic / South Korea
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Huanghai_Landscape_F1#Pyeonghwa_Ppeokkugi|Ppeokkugi 4WD-C]]
| since 2009
| Mass production
| SUV and Pick-up
| Vietnam
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mekong_Auto#Pyeonghwa_Motors|Premio DX]]
| 2004 to 2009
| Mass production
| SUV and Pick-up
| Vietnam
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mekong_Auto#Pyeonghwa_Motors|Premio DX&nbsp;II]]
| since 2009
| Mass production
| SUV and Pick-up
| Vietnam
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mekong_Auto#Pyeonghwa_Motors|Premio MAX]]
| since 2004
| Mass production
| SUV and Pick-up
| Vietnam
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mekong_Auto#Pyeonghwa_Motors|Pronto DX]]
| 2004 to 2009
| Mass production
| SUV
| Vietnam
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Mekong_Auto#Pyeonghwa_Motors|Pronto GS]]
| since 2009
| Mass production
| SUV
| Vietnam
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Jinbei Haise|Samchunri]]
| since 2005
| Import
| Mid-size van
| China
|----- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
| [[Pyeonghwa Zunma|Zunma]]
| since 2008
| Mass production
| Saloon
| North Korea
|-
|[[Volkswagen_Jetta#Sagitar_(2006–present)|Zunma 1606]]
|since 2013 (?)
|Import
|Saloon
|China
|-
|[[Volkswagen Passat (B6)#2010 facelift (B7)|Zunma 2008]]
|since 2013 (?)
|Import
|Saloon
|China
|}
* ''Hwiparam'' I, 2000, based on the [[Fiat Siena]].<ref name="PMC">((cite web|url=http://www.pyeonghwamotors.com/eng/|title=Pyeonghwa Motors Official Page|publisher=pyeonghwamotors.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408042513/http://www.pyeonghwamotors.com/eng/|archive-date=2013-04-08))</ref>
* ''Hwiparam'' II, 2007, based on the Brilliance Junjie/BS4/M2.<ref name="PMC"/>
* ''Hwiparam'' III, 2010, based on the Brilliance FSV.<ref name="PMC"/>
* ''Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi)'' 1, 2003, based on the [[Fiat Doblò]].<ref name="PMC"/> Known to keep the Fiat vehicle badge.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/auto/miscellaneous/north-korea-has-its-own-automaker-that-you-may-know-nothing-about/articleshow/57974251.cms|title=pyeonghwa motors corporation: North Korea has its own automaker that you may know nothing about&nbsp;— Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=2 April 2017 ))</ref>
* ''Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi)'' 2, 2004, based on the [[Huanghai Aurora|Shuguang SUV 4x2]].<ref name="PMC"/>
* ''Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi)'' 3, 2004, based on the [[Huanghai Aurora|Shuguang Huanghai]].<ref name="PMC"/>
* ''Bbeokgugi (Peokkugi)'' 4, 2005, based on the [[Huanghai Challenger|Shuguang Dawn]].<ref name="PMC"/>
* ''Junma'', 2005-2006, series production of the Junma, based on the [[SsangYong Chairman]].<ref name="PMC"/>
* ''Junma'' (Zunma 1606), 2013, based on the FAW-[[Volkswagen Sagitar]].<ref name="PMC"/>
* ''Junma'' (Zunma 2008), 2013, based on the FAW-[[Volkswagen Passat (B6)#2010 facelift (B7)|Volkswagen Magotan]]<ref>((cite web |title=ZUNMA 2008 ((!)) chinesecars |url=https://www.chinesecars.net/content/zunma-2008 |website=www.chinesecars.net |access-date=14 September 2021))</ref><ref>Text on all sources online for the Zunma 2008 is wrong, the CC is not shown, instead the Chinese FAW-Volkswagen Magotan, can be compared with Magotan images online.</ref>
* ''Samcheonri'',  2005, based on the [[Jinbei Haise]].<ref name="PMC"/>

===Further models and partnerships===
In summer 2006, the North Korean government magazine ''Foreign Trade'', which advertises North Korean products, published a photograph of a new luxury car produced by Pyeonghwa, the Junma,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.kcckp.net/en/periodic/f_trade/index.php?contents%20754%202006-03%2027%2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070930055548/http://www.kcckp.net/en/periodic/f_trade/index.php?contents+754+2006-03+27+11|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 30, 2007|title=www.kcckp.net / server maintenance|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref> which appears to be a rebadged version of the South Korean [[SsangYong Chairman]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.globalautoindex.com/model.plt?no=3398&ass=|title=Ssangyong Chairman Limousine 4d|website=Global Auto Index|publisher=Global Auto Systems Europe Kft.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311003646/http://www.globalautoindex.com/model.plt?no=3398&ass=|archive-date=11 March 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?js=n&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http://www.pyeonghwamotors.com/kor/boardproduct/boardcontent.html?code=MENU38&sl=auto&tl=en&history_state0=|title=Google Translate|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref>

The Chairman bears a strong resemblance to [[KG Mobility|SsangYong]] cars, which are favored by North Korean government officials.<ref name="CNK"/> The Junma is based on an old Mercedes [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|E-Class]] design.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://autoweek.com/car-life/a1872816/yes-even-north-korea-has-their-own-car-brand/|title=Yes, even North Korea has its own luxury car brand|first=Alex|last=Hevesy|date=July 13, 2015|website=Autoweek))</ref>

In 2006, Pyeonghwa reached an agreement with Chinese manufacturer [[Brilliance China Auto]] to assemble its [[Jinbei (car)|Jinbei]] Haise vans, which are based on an old version of the [[Toyota HiAce]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.chinacarforums.com/forum/showthread.php?p=12940#post12940|title=Pyeonghwa Motors (DPRK) and Mekong (Vietnam) - China Car Forums|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.kcckp.net/en/periodic/f_trade/index.php?contents%20772%202006-03%2027%2029|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070930050104/http://www.kcckp.net/en/periodic/f_trade/index.php?contents+772+2006-03+27+29|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 30, 2007|title=www.kcckp.net / server maintenance|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref>

In 2007, Pyeonghwa introduced Brilliance's Junjie car under the name Hwiparam II. The original Fiat-based Hwiparam has appeared on Pyeonghwa's web site.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.chinacarforums.com/forum/showthread.php?t=71&page=5|title=Chinese cars abroad&nbsp;— Page 5 - China Car Forums|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref>

In 2009, Pyeonghwa announced a profit on its North Korean operations.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124768676285947145 Pyeonghwa Sells in North Korea], ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', July 16, 2009</ref>

The Premio and Pronto are also sold in [[Vietnam]] by [[Mekong Auto]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.mekongauto.com.vn/|title=Mekong&nbsp;— Tin tức|last=Mekong|access-date=4 September 2016))</ref> Both are based on [[SG Automotive|Huanghai]] vehicles. Mekong Auto has sold Fiat cars in Vietnam since 1995, and this relationship may have led to Pyeonghwa assembling Fiats in North Korea.((citation needed|date=September 2015))

==Advertising==
Pyeonghwa is currently the only company in [[North Korea]] to advertise. A series of [[billboards]] and [[TV commercials]] have been made in an effort to show residents that their country is able to produce products such as motor vehicles. The ads may be aimed primarily at expatriate businessmen in Pyongyang, but ''[[Car and Driver]]'' magazine suggests that they are actually propaganda aimed at the local population, to make them believe that their country is economically successful.<ref>((citation|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/features/10q3/cars_from_the_axis_of_evil_north_korea-feature|periodical=Car and Driver|title=Cars from the "Axis of Evil": North Korea|first=Justin|last=Berkowitz|date=August 2010|access-date=2010-09-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100905160136/http://www.caranddriver.com/features/10q3/cars_from_the_axis_of_evil_north_korea-feature|archive-date=2010-09-05))</ref>
<gallery>
File:Pyonghwa motors billboard.jpg|Pyonghwa Motors billboard showing the [[Hwiparam]].
File:Pyonghwa Pyongyang.JPG|An advertising board of "Pyeonghwa Motors" in [[Pyongyang]].
</gallery>

==See also==
((Portal|North Korea))
* [[Unification Church and North Korea]]

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

==External links==
((commons category|Pyeonghwa Motors))

* ((Official website|http://www.pyeonghwamotors.com))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080414060313/http://www.korea-dpr.com/business/DPRK-cars.pdf Pyongwha brochure] ([[PDF]]) on the [[Korean Friendship Association]] website
* [http://www.chinesecars.net/free-information/made-north-korea Photos of North Korean vehicles] including Pyeonghwa models, compiled by the author of ''[[Automobiles Made in North Korea]]''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmhTKDqrEDo&feature=player_embedded Pyeonghwa Motors video advertisement]
* Location of Pyeonghwa motors plant in Nampo: ((coord|38.754284|125.405438|display=inline|type:landmark))
((Economy of North Korea))
((Automotive industry in South Korea))
((Automotive industry in North Korea))

((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Pyeonghwa Motors))
[[Category:Nampo]]
[[Category:Unification Church affiliated organizations]]
[[Category:Unification Church controversies]]
[[Category:Car manufacturers of North Korea]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Seoul]]
[[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1999]]
[[Category:North Korea–South Korea relations]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of North Korea]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in North Korea]]

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Return to Pyeonghwa Motors.

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