From left to right: Kryuchkov, Maxim Gorky and Genrikh Yagoda

Pyotr Petrovich Kryuchkov (Russian: Пётр Петро́вич Крючко́в; 12 November 1889, Perm – 15 March 1938) was a soviet lawyer and the secretary of Maxim Gorky.

Career

Pyotr Kryuchkov was born in Perm and was the son of a leading vet and magistrate. He obtained a law degree at St Petersburg University. In 1916, he was hired as a secretary and personal assistant by the actress Maria Andreyeva, who had been Maxim Gorky's lover for more than a decade. When that relationship, ended, she and Kryuchkov became lovers. She was then nearly 50 years old, he was 20 years younger. The affair was short-lived,[1] but through her, he met Gorky. Early in the 1920s, Kryuchkov was sent on a trade delegation to Berlin. Later he joined Gorky's extended household in Sorrento, Italy, where he assumed the role of the writer's secretary. The Old Bolshevik Yakov Hanecki attempted in 1928 to warn Gorky against employing him, to which the writer replied:

“P.P. Kryuchkov is an excellent worker, a good friend, and neither you nor anyone else can shake my trust and respect for him. I will add that your attacks against him have destroyed my companionship towards you."[2]

He joined Gorky on a visit to the USSR in 1928, when they both met Genrikh Yagoda, the effective head of the Ogpu. According to the testimony Kryuchkov gave at his trial, he and Yagoda "established a closer acquaintance" in 1931.[3] From that time, he acted as an Ogpu informant, while still employed by Gorky. He used his position to block attempts by people, such as Victor Serge and Alexander Voronsky, who had known Gorky in the past and were in trouble with the regime from appealing to him for help.[4] Victor Serge remembered Kryuchkov as "a robust character with pince-nez, generally despised and singularly well-named."[5] (In Russian, kryuchok крючок means a hook, and kryuchkotvor means is an insult directed at small-minded officials.) When Isaac Babel was under arrest, he told his interrogators: "Kryuchkov deliberately selected Gorky's visitors so that he did not see anyone apart from the Chekists of Yagoda's circle and charlatans."[6] Moreover "whenever Gorky met Stalin or other members of the Politburo, Yagoda would visit Kryuchkov's flat afterward, demanding a full account of what had been said. He took to visiting public baths with Kryuchkov. One day in 1932, Yagoda handed his valuable spy $4,000 to buy a car."[7]"

Arrested late in 1937, Kryuchkov was one of the defendants of the Case of the Anti-Soviet "Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites" of 2–13 March 1938, during which he 'confessed' to murdering Gorky, and his son Maxim, on Yagoda's instructions. He and Yagoda were sentenced to death and executed by the NKVD.

On 12 March 1938 Kryuchkov's father, also named Pyotr Petrovich, was executed by the NKVD in Novosibirsk. Kryuchkov's wife, Elizabeta Zakharevna Kryuchkova, was arrested by the NKVD on 29 April 1937 and executed on 17 September 1938.[8][9][10]

References

  1. ^ McSmith, Andy (2015). Fear and the Muse Kept Watch, The Russian Masters - from Akhmatova and Pasternak to Shostakovich and Eisenstein - Under Stalin. New York: New Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-62097-079-9.
  2. ^ "Крючко́в, Пётр Петро́вич". Chronos. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  3. ^ Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet 'Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites'. Moscow: People's Commissariat of Justice of the USSR. 1938. p. 584.
  4. ^ McSmith. Fear and the Muse. p. 87.
  5. ^ Serge, Victor (1984). Memoirs of a Revolutionary. London: Writers and Readers Publishing Co-operative Society. p. 269. ISBN 0-86316-070-0.
  6. ^ Shentalinsky, Vitaly (1995). The KGB's Literary Archive. London: Harvill Press. p. 269. ISBN 1-86046-072-0.
  7. ^ McSmith, Andy. Fear and the Muse. p. 91.
  8. ^ Wadim S. Rogowin: Die Partei der Hingerichteten, Band 5, Mehring Verlag, 1999, S. 531 Online
  9. ^ Theo Pirker: Die Moskauer Schauprozesse, 1936–1938, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1963, S. 242 Online
  10. ^ Der Fall Bucharin – eine Dokumentation, Das vollständige Geständnis von Nikolai Bucharin am 2. Juni 1937, Auszüge aus dem Prozessprotokoll (Moskauer Prozess vom März 1938), das Urteil gegen Bucharin im Wortlaut und ein Nachwort dazu Zusammengestellt von Gerhard Schnehen, PDF-Datei, S. 34
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