Subfamily of grasshoppers
The Pyrgomorphinae are a subfamily of grasshoppers (Orthoptera : Caelifera ) in the family Pyrgomorphidae . Species are found in, especially the warmer parts of: Central and South America, southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands. The type genus is Pyrgomorpha and names dates from "Pyrgomorphiden" by Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874. The first use of Pyrgomorphinae was by Krauss in 1890.[1]
Tribes and genera
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:[2]
Atractomorphini
Bolívar, 1905
Atractomorpha lata Atractomorpha Saussure, 1862 - Asia, Australia
Occidentosphena Kevan, 1956 - Africa
Occidentosphena ruandensis
Occidentosphena uvarovi
Chlorizeinini
Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Africa, Asia
Subtribe Chlorizeinina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Genus Chlorizeina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893
Genus Feacris Kevan, 1969
Genus Pterorthacris Uvarov, 1921
Subtribe Humpatellina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Genus Cawendia Karsch, 1888
Genus Humpatella Karsch, 1896
Genus Pseudorubellia Dirsh, 1963
Subtribe Marsabitacridina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Genus Katangacris Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Genus Marsabitacris Kevan, 1957
Chrotogonini
Bolívar, 1904; Distribution: Africa, Asia
Genus Caconda Bolívar, 1884
Genus Chrotogonus Serville, 1838
Genus Shoacris Kevan, 1952
Genus Stibarosterna Uvarov, 1953
Genus Tenuitarsus Bolívar, 1904
Desmopterini
Bolívar, 1905; Distribution: W. Africa, Asia, Australia
Genus Apodesmoptera Rehn, 1951
Genus Desmoptera Bolívar, 1884
Desmoptera truncatipennis [3]
Genus Desmopterella Ramme, 1941
Genus Doriaella Bolívar, 1898
Genus Menesesia Willemse, 1922
Genus Menesesiella Kevan, 1963
Genus Paradoriaella Willemse, 1961
Genus Stenoxyphellus Ramme, 1941
Genus Stenoxyphula Kevan, 1963
Genus Stenoxyphus Blanchard, 1853
Dictyophorini
Kirby, 1902; Distribution: Africa
Mature and immature Dictyophorus spumans photographed in the Cedarberg in South Africa
Monistriini
Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Australia
Monistria concinna Genus Greyacris
Greyacris profundesulcata [3]
Genus Monistria
Genus Parastria
Genus Pileolum
Genus Yeelanna
Yeelanna argus
Yeelanna pavonina
Omurini
Kevan, 1961; Distribution: South America
Genus Algete Bolívar, 1905
Genus Minorissa Walker, 1870
Genus Omura Walker, 1870
Petasidini
Key, 1985; Distribution: Australia
Genus Petasida
Genus Scutillya
Scutillya verrucosa (Giant spotted pyrgomorph)[5]
Phymateini
Bolívar, 1884; Distribution: Africa (incl. Madagascar), China
Variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus ) nymph, Ghana Genus Paraphymateus
Genus Phymateus
Genus Physemophorus
Genus Phyteumas
Genus Rutidoderes
Genus Zonocerus
Poekilocerini
Burmeister, 1840; Distribution: Africa, India, Indo-China, Malesia, PNG
Psednurini
Burr, 1904; Distribution: Australia
Genus Propsednura
Propsednura eyrei
Propsednura peninsularis
Genus Psedna
Genus Psednura
Psednura longicornis
Psednura musgravei
Psednura pedestris
Pseudomorphacridini
Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Indo-China
Genus Pseudomorphacris Carl, 1916
Pyrgomorphini
Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874; distribution: Africa, Southern Europe, W. Asia through to Indochina
subtribe Arbusculina Kevan, Akbar & Chang, 1975 (Cambodia) Arbuscula Bolívar, 1905 monotypic Arbuscula cambodjiana Bolívar, 1905subtribe Geloiodina Kevan, Akbar & Chang, 1975 (W African islands) Geloiodes Chopard, 1958 subtribe Parasphenina Kevan & Akbar, 1964 (Africa) Afrosphena Kevan, 1956
Afrosphenella Kevan & Akbar, 1963
Chirindites Ramme, 1929
Parasphena Bolívar, 1884
Parasphenella Kevan, 1956
Parasphenula Kevan, 1956
Pezotagasta Uvarov, 1953
Stenoscepa Karsch, 1896 subtribe Pyrgomorphina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1874 Anarchita Bolívar, 1904
Carinisphena Kevan, 1966
Laufferia Bolívar, 1904
Leptea Bolívar, 1904
Macroleptea Kevan, 1962
†Miopyrgomorpha Kevan, 1964
Ochrophlebia Stål, 1873
Ochrophlegma Bolívar, 1904
Phymella Uvarov, 1922
Plerisca Bolívar, 1904
Protanita Kevan, 1962
Punctisphena Kevan, 1961
Pyrgomorpha Serville, 1838
Pyrgomorphella Bolívar, 1904
Pyrgomorphellula Kevan & Hsiung, 1988
Pyrgomorphula Kevan & Akbar, 1963
Scabropyrgus Kevan, 1962
Somalopyrgus Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Tanita Bolívar, 1904
Tanitella Kevan, 1962
Zarytes Bolívar, 1904
Schulthessiini
Kevan & Akbar, 1964; Distribution: Madagascar
Genus Buyssoniella Bolívar, 1905
Genus Schulthessia Bolívar, 1905
Sphenariini
Bolívar, 1884 - Central America, Africa, China
Subtribe Mekongianina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Genus Mekongiana Uvarov, 1940
Genus Mekongiella Kevan, 1966
Genus Yunnanites Uvarov, 1925
Subtribe Rubelliina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Subtribe Sphenariina Bolívar, 1884
Genus Jaragua Perez-Gelabert, Dominici & Hierro, 1995
Genus Prosphena Bolívar, 1884
Genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1845
Subtribe Sphenexiina Kevan & Akbar, 1964
Genus Sphenexia Karsch, 1896
Genus Xenephias Kevan, 1973
Tagastini
Bolívar, 1905; Distribution: SE Asia
Taphronotini
Bolívar, 1904; Distribution: Africa, India, Indo-China
Aularches miliaris Genus Aularches Stål, 1873; monotypic: A. miliaris
Genus Taphronota Stål, 1873
Tribe not assigned
All genera are monotypic:
Eilenbergia: E. sagitta Mason, 1979
Megalopyrga: M. monochroma Baccetti, 1985
Paramekongiella: P. zhongdianensis Huang, 1990
Xiphipyrgus: X. tunstalli Kevan, 1982