.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Korean. (August 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Korean Wikipedia article at [[:ko:순원왕후]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|ko|순원왕후)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
Queen Sunwon
순원왕후
Grand queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure18 December 1834 – 21 September 1857
PredecessorGrand Queen Dowager Yesun
SuccessorGrand Queen Dowager Hyoyu
Queen regent of Joseon
Regency18 December 1834 – January 1841
25 July 1849 – January 1852
PredecessorQueen Jeongsun
SuccessorQueen Sinjeong
MonarchsKing Heonjong of Joseon
King Cheoljong of Joseon
Queen dowager of Joseon
Tenure14 December 1834 — 18 December 1834
PredecessorQueen Dowager Kim
SuccessorQueen Dowager Hyoyu
Queen consort of Joseon
Tenure1802 – 14 December 1834
PredecessorQueen Hyoui
SuccessorQueen Hyohyeon
Born8 June 1789
Kingdom of Joseon
Died21 September 1857 (1857-09-22) (aged 68)
Yangsimhab, Changdeok Palace, Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Inreung
SpouseKing Sunjo of Joseon (m. 1802–1834)
Issue
  1. Crown Prince Hyomyeong
  2. Princess Myeongon
  3. Princess Bokon
  4. An unnamed prince
  5. Princess Deokon
  6. Cheoljong of Joseon (adopted)
Posthumous name
명경문인광성융희정렬선휘영덕자헌현륜홍화신운수목예성홍정순원왕후
HouseAndong Kim
FatherKim Jo-sun
MotherInternal Princess Consort Cheongyang of the Cheongsong Sim clan

Queen Sunwon (Korean: 순원왕후; 8 June 1789 – 21 September 1857[1]), of the Andong Kim clan was the queen consort and wife of Sunjo of Joseon. She was known as Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong (명경왕대비) after her husband's death in 1834. She served as regent between 1834 and 1841 during her grandson, Heonjong of Joseon's reign, and in 1849–1852 during her adoptive son, Cheoljong of Joseon's reign. She was posthumously called as Sunwon, the Respectful Empress (순원숙황후, 純元肅皇后).

Biography

Early life

The future Queen Consort was born into the Andong Kim clan on 8 June 1789. She was the eldest daughter and third child of Kim Jo-sun and his wife, Lady Sim of the Cheongsong Sim clan. Through her father, Lady Kim was a 5th great-grandniece of Queen Inmok, the second wife of King Seonjo and mother of Princess Jeongmyeong. She was also a first cousin twice removed of Princess Jeongmyeong through her paternal grandmother, Lady Shin.

Through her mother, Lady Kim was a maternal descendant of Sim Ui-gyeom, Queen Insun’s younger brother, and Sim On, Queen Soheon’s father.

Her mother’s side was already connected to the royal family since her maternal grandfather, Sim Geon-ji, was a 5th cousin of Sim Neung-geon (심능건, 沈能建; 1752 – 7 July 1817); who was the son-in-law of Yeongjo of Joseon as he was married to his daughter, Princess Hwaryeong. Sim Geon-ji was also close to Sim Hwan-ji (심환지, 沈煥之; 1730 – 18 October 1802); who was a member of the Noron Byeokpa faction. Because of this, Sim Hwan-ji was able to interfere with the final selection of who could become Queen Consort.

As Lady Kim was from the Andong Kim clan, which was under the leadership of her father Kim Jo-sun, who was also a member of the Noron faction and served as Jeongjo of Joseon's closest aide, Lady Kim emerged as a powerful soon-to-be queen when she was selected among the young girls.

Queen consort

In 1802 at the age of 13, Lady Kim married King Sunjo and became the Queen of Joseon. The Queen eventually bore 5 children; Hyomyeong in 1809, Princess Myeongon in 1810, Princess Bokon in 1818, and Princess Deokon in 1828—with only one son dying in infancy in 1820.

Regent

When her husband died in 1834, she became regent for her eight-year-old grandson, King Heonjong and the political power remained in the hands of her family, the Andong Kim clan until 1840, when it passed to the family of Heonjong's mother, Queen Sinjeong, the Pungyang Jo clan, following the Catholic persecution of 1839.

Prior to the death of her grandson in 1849 and becoming regent once again, the Queen had outlived her children as one of her remaining daughters, Princess Deokon, died in 1844. The Queen eventually became regent again during King Cheoljong’s reign in 1849. With her influence, she had the king marry a daughter from her clan in 1851, who was known as Queen Cheorin, and ruled as regent until his fourth year of reign in 1852.

Death

Queen Sunwon later died in Changdeok Palace, on 21 September 1857. The Queen's clan power later diminished when Queen Shinjeong adopted Grand Internal Prince Heungseon’s son, Yi Myeong-bok, as her own to become the next king. The Queen Dowager stepped down and gave all power to the Grand Internal Prince Heungseon to help his son as regent; thus removing all power of the Andong Kim clan’s influence as well as the Pungyang Jo clan in the end.

Queen Sunwon is buried with her husband in Inreung located in Naegok-dong, Seocho District, Seoul.

Family

In popular culture

References

  1. ^ In Lunar Calendar, the Queen was born on 15 May 1789 and died on 4 August 1857
  2. ^ He was the 5th son of King Seongjong with Royal Consort Suk-ui Hong.
  3. ^ Her older sister became the step-grandniece of Queen Insun, the mother of Queen Hyejang, and the grandaunt of Queen Inseon
  4. ^ She was the 3rd great-granddaughter of King Jeongjong and Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Haengju Ki clan thru their son, Yi Yong-saeng, Prince Jeongsuk (증 정석군 이융생; 1409 - 1464)
  5. ^ He was the granduncle of Queen Inseon
  6. ^ Internal Princess Consort Yeongga of the Andong Kim clan, the daughter of his uncle, Kim Sang-yong (김상용, 金尙容) and a half-niece of Kim Jang-saeng, was the mother of Queen Inseon; making him first cousins with the queen
  7. ^ She was the niece of Queen Inmok and the cousin of Princess Jeongmyeong. She was also a first cousin four times removed of Kim Ahn-ro
  8. ^ His son, Na Myeong-jwa (나명좌), married Song Jun-gil’s daughter and Queen Inhyeon’s maternal aunt, Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan. Another daughter married King Sejong’s 8th generation descendant, Yi Sa-myeong (이사명, 李師命) (1647–1689)
  9. ^ One of his daughters became the first wife of Min Jin-hu (민진후) (1659 – 1720); the older brother of Queen Inhyeon and another daughter became the wife of Kim Man-jung
  10. ^ His younger sister, Lady Kim of the (new) Andong Kim clan (신 안동 김씨, 新 安東 金氏), became the wife of Min Chang-su (민창수, 閔昌洙); the nephew of Queen Inhyeon
  11. ^ She was the great-granddaughter of Song Jun-gil through his son, Song Gwang-sik (the maternal cousin of Queen Inhyeon).
  12. ^ His older brother, Kim Seong-haeng (김성행, 金省行) (1696-1722), became the great-great-grandfather of Queen Cheorin. His youngest brother, Kim Tan-haeng (김탄행, 金坦行) (1714–1774), became the great-great-grandfather of Queen Hyohyeon
  13. ^ Her maternal aunt, Lady Yi of the Hansan Yi clan, eventually became the mother of Lady Hyegyeong and grandmother of King Jeongjo
  14. ^ His nephew, Kim Mun-geun, eventually became the father of Queen Cheorin
  15. ^ His second nephew, Kim Jo-geun, eventually became the father of Queen Hyohyeon
  16. ^ Grandson of Sim Taek-hyeon (심택현, 沈宅賢) who was a descendant of Sim Ui-gyeom (Queen Insun’s younger brother), Sim Kang (Queen Insun’s father), and Sim On (Queen Soheon’s father)
  17. ^ A distant cousin of his married Princess Hwaryeong
  18. ^ He was the 12th great-grandson of Min Mu-jil, who the younger brother of Queen Wongyeong. As well as a 14th great-grandson of Han Su, the great-grandfather of Han Myeong-hoe.
  19. ^ Conceived by an unnamed woman
  20. ^ She later married Min Hyeong-sik (민형식; 1859-1931) who was a 5th great-grandson of Min Jin-won (the older brother of Queen Inhyeon) and Lady Yun, thru their son, Min Hyeong-su.
  21. ^ According to the tomb of Princess Myeong-on, written by Hong Seok-ju, it is recorded that she was pregnant twice, but lost both of them prematurely.

External links

Queen Sunwon Andong Kim clan Royal titles Preceded byQueen Hyouiof the Cheongpung Kim clan Queen consort of Joseon 1802 – 14 December 1834 Succeeded byQueen Hyohyeonof the Cheongpung Kim clan Preceded byQueen Dowager Hyouiof the Cheongpung Kim clan Queen dowager of Joseon 14 December 1834 — 18 December 1834 Succeeded byQueen Dowager Hyoyu (Sinjeong)of the Pungyang Jo clan Preceded byGrand Queen Dowager Yesun (Jeongsun)of the Gyeongju Kim clan Grand queen dowager of Joseon 18 December 1834 – 21 September 1857 Succeeded byGrand Queen Dowager Hyoyu (Sinjeong)of the Pungyang Jo clan
Royal consorts of Joseon and Korea
Authority control databases
Categories