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((short description|Historical unit of mass (hundredweight variant)))
((other uses))
((more citations needed|date=July 2017))
The '''quintal''' or '''centner''' is a historical unit of [[mass]] in many countries which is usually defined as 100 base units, such as [[pound (mass)|pound]]s or [[kilogram]]s.<ref name="Rowlett">((cite web |last1=Rowlett |first1=Russ |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/units/dictQ.html#quintal |title=How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement |website=ibiblio |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |access-date=25 March 2020 |date=2018))</ref> It is a traditional unit of weight in France, Portugal, and Spain and their former colonies. It is commonly used for [[grain]] prices in wholesale markets in Ethiopia, Eritrea and India, where 1 quintal = ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)).<ref>((cite book|title=Quintal - Merriam Webster Dictionary|publisher=Merriam Webster Dictionary|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quintal|access-date=20 June 2017))</ref>

In [[British English]], it referred to the [[hundredweight]]; in [[American English]], it formerly referred to an uncommon measurement of ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)). 
((anchor|Etymology))

Languages drawing its cognate name for the weight from [[Romance languages]] include French, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish ((lang|fr|quintal)), Italian ((lang|it|quintale)), Esperanto ((lang|eo|kvintalo)), Polish ((lang|pl|kwintal)). Languages taking their cognates from Germanicized ''centner'' include the German ((lang|de|[[Zentner]])), Lithuanian ((lang|lt|centneris)), Swedish ((lang|sv|centner)), Polish ((lang|pl|cetnar)), Russian and Ukrainian ((lang|ru|центнер)) (((lang|uk-Latn|tsentner))), Estonian ((lang|et|tsentner)) and Spanish ((lang|es|centena)).

Many European languages have come to translate both the [[imperial units|British]] [[hundredweight]] (8 stone or 112 pounds (50.80&nbsp;kg)) and the [[US customary units|American]] [[hundredweight]] (100 pounds (45.36&nbsp;kg)), as their cognate form of ''quintal'' or ''centner''.

== Name ==
The concept has resulted in two different series of masses: Those based on the local pound (which after [[metrication]] was considered equivalent to ((convert|0.5|kg|abbr=on)), and those uprated to being based on the kilogram.

In Albania (((lang|sq|kuintal))), Ethiopia (''kuntal''), and [[India]], the ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)) definition may have been introduced via Islamic((Citation needed|reason=and why not occidental influence|date=June 2019)) trade.  It is a standard measurement of mass for agricultural products in those countries.

In France it used to be defined as 100 ((lang|fr|livres)) (pounds), about ((convert|48.95|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)), and has been redefined as ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)) (((lang|fr|[[mesures usuelles]]))), thus called ''metric quintal'' with symbol ''qq''. In [[Spain]], the ((lang|es|centena)) is still defined as 100 ((lang|es|libras)), or about ((convert|50|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)), but the ''metric quintal'' is also defined as ((convert|46|kg|lb|0|abbr=on));<ref>[[Real Academia Española]]'s [http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=quintal definition of ''quintal'']</ref> In Portugal a quintal is 128 ((lang|pt|[[arrátel|arráteis]])) or about ((convert|58.75|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)).<!-- source? -->

The German ((lang|de|[[:de:Zentner|Zentner]])) and the Danish ((lang|da|[[:da:Centner|Centner]])) are pound-based, and thus since metrication are defined as ((convert|50|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)), whereas the Austrian and Swiss ((lang|de|Zentner)) since metrication has been re-defined as ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)). In Germany a measure of ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)) is named a ((lang|de|Doppelzentner)).

Common agricultural units used in the [[Soviet Union]] were the ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)) ((lang|ru-Latn|centner)) (((lang|ru|центнер))) and the term "centner per [[hectare]]". These are still used by countries that were part of the Soviet Union.

==English use==

In [[English unit|English]] both terms ''quintal'' and ''centner'' were once alternative names for the [[hundredweight]] and thus defined either as 100&nbsp;[[Avoirdupois|lb]] (exactly ((cvt|100|lb|6|disp=out))) or as ((cvt|112|lb|2)). Also, in the [[Dominican Republic]] it is about ((cvt|125|lb|2)). The German ((lang|de|Zentner)) was introduced to the English language via [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic trade]] as a measure of the weight of certain [[agriculture|crops]] including [[hops]] for [[beer]] production. Commonly used in the Dominion (and later province) of Newfoundland up until the 1960s as a measure for ((cvt|112|lb)) of salt cod.

The '''quintal''' was defined in the United States in 1866<ref>[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/205-  Act of July 28, 1866, codified in 15 U.S.C. §205]</ref> as ((convert|100|kg|lb|0|abbr=on)). However, it is no longer used in the United States or by the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST), though it still appears in the statute.<ref>"Metric System of Measurement: Interpretation of the International System of Units for the United States", [[Federal Register]] notice of July 28, 1998, 63 F.R. 40333 ((cite web |url=http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/200/202/SIFedReg.pdf |title=Metric System of Measurement: Interpretation of the International System of Units for the United States; Notice |publisher=[[NIST]] |access-date=September 28, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930114423/http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/200/202/SIFedReg.pdf |archive-date=September 30, 2006 ))</ref>

In France, Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Indonesia, and India, it is still in daily use by farmers. In [[Brazil]] and other South American countries, it is used under its alternative spelling of ((lang|pt|kintal)). It is also used in some African countries including [[Angola]].<ref>((cite web|title=The use of Quintal for weight measurements |url=https://www.sizes.com/units/quintal.htm |website=Sizes: the online quantinary|access-date=25 July 2017))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hundredweight]]
* ((lang|de|[[Zentner]]))

==References==
((reflist))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Units of mass]]
[[Category:Non-SI metric units]]
[[Category:Customary units of measurement]]
[[Category:Metricated units]]

[[ur:قنطار]]

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