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((More citations needed|date=September 2010))
((Infobox magazine
| title         = RFD
| image_file    = RFD-magazine.jpg
| image_size    = <!-- 220px (the default if no size is stated) -->
| image_alt     =
| image_caption =
| editor        = RFD Collective
| frequency     = Quarterly
| category      = Queer lifestyle magazine
| publisher     = RFD Press, Inc.
| firstdate     = Autumn 1974
| country       = US
| based         = [[Hadley, MA]]
| language      = English
| website       = [http://www.rfdmag.org www.rfdmag.org]
| issn          = 0149-709X
))

'''''RFD''''' is a reader-written quarterly magazine celebrating [[queer]] [[LGBT community|diversity]]. Founded in 1974 as a publication for [[gay]] country-living and alternative lifestyles, the magazine has been edited by different communities in various locations since its inception; it is currently published in New England. While predating the [[Radical Faeries]], the magazine and the movement have long been associated. Notable writers featured in ''RFD'' include the poet [[Essex Hemphill]].

==History==
The magazine began with a group of gay male [[Iowa]]ns who attempted to place an advertisement in the countercultural ''[[Mother Earth News]]'', about organizing the gay-centered commune [[Running Water Farm]].<ref name=RRR>((cite book|last=Sears|first=James Thomas|title=Rebels, Rubyfruit, and Rhinestones: Queering Space in the Stonewall South|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813529646|pages=142–147|date=Jul 1, 2001))</ref><ref name=ww>((cite web|last=Wilson|first=Warren|title=History of the Radical Faerie movement in W. North Carolina and its Presence Today|date=December 19, 1998 |
url=http://www.warren-wilson.edu/~religion/newifo/religions/alternative/index/faeries/essay1.shtml|accessdate=20 June 2012)) (based in part on Patt, Rocco (Running Water Farm co-founder). Personal Interview. 8 Dec. 1998.)</ref> The ad was rejected on the grounds that the magazine did not run gay-themed advertisements.<ref name=RRR/>

The initial organizers of the commune began pursuing publication of their own magazine, as a means of communicating with other rural collectives and gay men living outside of cities.<ref name="ww" /> Stewart Scofield presented this idea to the Rural Caucus of the first Midwest Gay Pride Conference in [[Iowa City, Iowa|Iowa City]] in May 1974.<ref name="RRR" /> By that fall, a collective of gay men centered in Iowa City had developed the magazine, and arranged with the Women's Press there to print it.<ref name="RRR" /> The publication's first mailing address was in [[Grinnell, Iowa]], where Scofield lived.

According to Donald Engstrom, one of the early Iowa-based founders, the collective wrote and sent copies of the early issues to every gay campus group they could find, as well as to their gay friends in other areas.

The early founders, described in issue #6 as "a collective of Iowa faggots"<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.rfdmag.org/cover-detail.php?img=images/pages/0006_F1327253085.jpg&iss=6|title=RFD Magazine|website=www.rfdmag.org|access-date=2017-10-27))</ref> published ''RFD'' for its first two years. When lovers Carl Wittman and Allan Troxler moved to [[Wolf Creek, Oregon]] they became part of a collective there, where the magazine was then published for many years. The publication's production moved to North Carolina's Running Water Farm in 1980.<ref name="ww" /> It moved to Short Mountain Sanctuary in [[Liberty, Tennessee]] in the mid-1980s, and then in 2009 to a small collective associated with Faerie Camp Destiny in New England.

=== Name ===
The publication's formal name is simply ''RFD'', although it has alternatively been billed as "a country journal by gay men,"<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.rfdmag.org/cover-detail.php?img=images/pages/0012_F1327252640.jpg&iss=12|title=RFD Magazine|website=www.rfdmag.org))</ref> "for country faggots everywhere,"<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.rfdmag.org/cover-detail.php?img=images/pages/ro_003.jpg&iss=3|title=RFD Magazine|website=www.rfdmag.org))</ref> and more recently identified as "a reader-written quarterly celebrating queer diversity". The title originally evoked the well-known abbreviation for [[Rural Free Delivery]], the residential mail service provided by the USPS beginning in the early 1900s, reflecting the "country living" aesthetic of the magazine. Later, as the magazine came to be associated with the counterculture [[Radical Faeries]] movement, the name became widely presumed as an abbreviation of ''Radical Faerie Digest'' (itself an ironic take on the mainstream ''[[Reader's Digest]]''). In reality the publishers have adopted the practice of assigning a new expansion of the initials to each issue, such as ''Really Feeling Divine'' (issue 3, Spring 1975), ''Rejoicing in Flamboyant Diversity'' (issue 50, Spring 1987), or ''Resist Fascist Demagogues'' (issue 80, Winter 1994).<ref name="covers">((cite web | title=RFD magazine covers 1974–2012 | website=radfae | date=2018-10-18 | url=http://www.radfae.org/rfd- | access-date=2019-01-26))</ref>

== Contents ==
''RFD'' "is a reader-written journal for gay people which focuses on country living and encourages alternative lifestyles."<ref name="RFD Magazine">((Cite web|url=http://www.rfdmag.org/|title=RFD Magazine|website=www.rfdmag.org|access-date=2019-01-25))</ref> Having begun publication 1974, ''RFD'' is the oldest reader-written gay quarterly magazine. The business and general production are coordinated by a volunteer collective publishing the magazine in Hadley, Massachusetts.

The development of the radical faeries involved the convergence of a number of distinct social trends in the 1970s. ''RFD'' magazine started in 1974, during a time Becky Thompson cites as a major moment in which [[affinity group]]s came together to protest the oppression they experienced due to their intersectional identities. ''RFD'' works to create queer communities in rural areas, a goal that was not acknowledged by hetero-activists before them. The socialist and feminist movement came together in the development of an ideology of gay male [[egalitarianism]] that remains a central part of the radical faeries culture. As the radical faerie movement gained ground, radical faeries used ''RFD'' to promote various gatherings and other radical faerie events.

The [http://www.rfdmag.org/cover-detail.php?img=images/pages/0118_F1326856312.jpg&iss=118 Summer 2004 edition], ''RFD'''s 118th issue, is titled, "30+ What Does the Future Hold". In this edition, ''RFD'' discusses how the magazine defines itself and navigates between rural and city environments. In the ''Between the Lines'' section at the beginning of the magazine, editors wrote:

"Ever wonder who the "RFD Collective" is? Surprise! We all are. Be you in the country, the city or some other planet, if you read/write/design for this publication, you have a vested interest in its success. Being one of many voices for the queer community, a place for us to explore and express ourselves, ''RFD'' has been gifted with many talented journalists, editors, and artists…."<ref>((Cite journal|date=Summer 2004|title=Between the Lines|journal=RFD Magazine|volume=118|pages=2))</ref>

Because ''RFD'' is a reader-written work, it relies on the experiences and thoughts of those who subscribe to the work. In this way the magazine remains fluid and changing depending on its readership. Large portions of the work consist of dialogue between reader and writer. This can be seen most pertinently in the personal add section and the "Brothers Behind Bars" section.

The magazine was also a space where people were able to make announcements about important events in the rural gay community. This section was entitled "Announcements, Media, Health, Gatherings (NEWS)" The magazine was even a place where people could place advertisements for something they needed, such as a handy man.

Other notable sections of the magazine included horoscopes, cooking advice, gardening, a self-help column entitled "Agnes Knows Strictly", articles and essays, book reviews, contact letters, fiction, humor, politics, and "Remembering" (obituaries). 

Overall, the contents of the magazine were largely influenced by the audience. The magazine requested artwork, creative writing, and think piece that the readers had created. Large portions of the magazine's contents came from the readers of the magazine themselves. Readers were able to write in their opinions about previous articles and insert what they would like to see more of in a section entitled "Letters to the Editors." 

=== Brothers Behind Bars ===
"Brothers Behind Bars" was a section of the magazine where readers were able to become pen pals with other gay men who were imprisoned due to their homosexuality. The editors claimed that the section was used to remind readers of their vulnerability to arrest. Editors thought it particularly important to highlight this risk to their readers who lived in rural areas, stating: "anti-gay laws are most often enforced in small towns and rural areas, away from the group power of organized gayness."<ref name=":0">((Cite journal|last=Kunzel|first=R.|date=2008-01-01|title=Lessons in Being Gay: Queer Encounters in Gay and Lesbian Prison Activism|journal=Radical History Review|volume=2008|issue=100|pages=11–37|doi=10.1215/01636545-2007-020|issn=0163-6545))</ref> ''RFD'' also hoped that these interactions would be a platform where they could bring "victims of this injustice" and "potential victims" together in order to fight against this specific form of oppression against homosexual men.<ref name=":0" />

In 1987, the editors decided to stop including Brothers Behind Bars in their magazine, saying: "The simple truth is that most men in prison are there because they belong there...some are truly evil."<ref name=":0" />

=== Reactions ===
Audience response to the magazine varied. Many differing opinions on the magazine were shown in the responses written in the "Letters to the Editors" section of the magazine. The following comments were published in the same issue:

* "Quite frankly, I think you are cutting your collective throats by allowing [[NAMBLA]] ads and publishing stories involving minor children in your journal. I certainly will not subscribe to your publication until you change your policy."<ref>((Cite journal|last=Davis|first=Jack|date=Fall 1991|title=Letters to the Editors|journal=RFD Magazine|volume=67|pages=4))</ref>
* "I've read and enjoyed ''RFD'' for over a decade. Thank you for continuing this rare and special voice."<ref>((Cite journal|last=Cage|first=Taylor|date=Fall 1991|title=Letters to the Editors|journal=RFD Magazine|volume=67|pages=5))</ref>

== Political shifts and queer experience ==
Articles in ''RFD'' interact with the political climate of the time. ''RFD'' advocated for rusticity in order to highlight gay men of different socioeconomic classes to change narratives surrounding normative ideologies and U.S.-based capitalism. ''RFD'' itself was known to often be under financial stress. ''RFD'''s representation of counterculture allowed for gay men to consider rustic living outside of the normative gay male culture.

In fall 2004 ''RFD'' published two particularly political essays: "Why Soldiers Rape and Why Gay Men Should Care" focusing on [[rape culture]] in the military;<ref>((cite journal|url=http://www.rfdmag.org/cover-detail.php?img=images/pages/0119_F1326856042.jpg&iss=119 |journal=RFD |title=Why Soldiers Rape and Why Gay Men Should Care |issue=119 |date=Fall 2004))</ref> and "The Federal Marriage Amendment Counter Curse," a call for queer communities to vote against an amendment to the United States marriage policy.
<blockquote>
"When the President and every radically conservative organization in the country decided to declare war against queer people by trying to amend the constitution of the United States… This November we will go to vote, and voting is a magikal act - one of the most transformative acts possible in a democratic… The proposed Constitutional amendment is at right. Burn it. Banish it. Tell it that it doesn’t exist in this world… Replace it with a vision of love. Talk to people, tell them that a vicious hateful thing is happening, and that we can’t allow it to continue. Cast a spell in the ballot box and vote against hate. Wake up, get out and change the world."<ref>((Cite journal|last=Riley|first=Eric "Fritter"|date=Fall 2004|title=The Federal Marriage Amendment Counter Curse|journal=RFD Magazine|volume=119|pages=30))</ref>
</blockquote>
=== Transgender rights ===
''RFD'' began to become more [[Intersectionality|intersectional]] in its approach to acknowledging identity politics around 1999.
<blockquote>
"Ironically the gay community, despite all of its past persecutions, is intolerant towards some of its own subgroups, displaying toward them cruel self-righteousness that mirrors the bigotry of Christians toward all [[sodomy|sodomite]]s. I am referring particularly to the intolerance that many mainstream gays have for [[transvestite]]s and [[shemale]]s , those whose inner urgings draw them into a life between genders… I have written this article in hopes that others, perhaps even one person, will respond in a similar vein… we may find networks of support to foster our sense of independence and self esteem."<ref>((Cite journal|last=Tree|date=Spring 1999|title=The Satanic Transgender Closet|journal=RFD Magazine|volume=97|pages=18–20))</ref>
</blockquote>
Acknowledging the lack of representation for [[Genderqueer|gender queer]] individuals who are a part of the ''RFD'' community and beyond, the piece makes a call to action, asking that readers of ''RFD'' create a [[Safe-space|safer space]] for gender queer people within the magazine.

=== Recognizing privilege ===
Writers in ''RFD'' expressed the need for intersectionality in the forms of class, race, gender, and sexuality by discussing the separation between class lines which occurs in queer communities.
<blockquote>
"I have learned that the Gay and Lesbian Community is not interested in playing on the same field as straight or gay working class Americans, much less people of color, people in poverty, or - Harvey Milk forbid - third world peoples... However, in spite of our fine intentions, our own privilege and prejudices continue to invade our attitudes and actions… Someone from a much lower class background than most of us would likely have to navigate a lot of weird unchecked prejudices in order to benefit from the sanctuary we provide."<ref>((Cite journal|url=http://www.rfdmag.org/cover-detail.php?img=images/pages/ro_106.jpg&iss=106 |last=Defiler|first=Matt|date=Summer 2001|title=Looking Into our Use of Privilege|journal=RFD Magazine|volume=106|pages=16–17))</ref>
</blockquote>
The author acknowledges their own [[Social privilege|privilege]] and later acknowledges the struggle for those with identities whose oppression goes beyond exclusively [[homophobia]] and/or [[misogyny]]. 

=== Rural to urban ===
''RFD'' started as a magazine made for, and produced by, queer men in rural communities. Queer communities have remained firmly located in the urban, particularly the metropolitan, and have only recently become more acknowledged in the countryside. Despite the fact that queer people are located around the globe and throughout the United States, LGBTQ publications have been primarily focused on urban queer life. 

Over time, readers noticed ''RFD'' targeting a more urbanized reader. This shift happened in the early 2000s, and came about as a result of the [[Radical Faeries|Radical Faerie Movement]].<ref>((Cite journal|last=Herring|first=Scott|date=2007-07-11|title=Out of the Closets, Into the Woods: RFD, Country Women, and the Post-Stonewall Emergence of Queer Anti-urbanism|journal=American Quarterly|volume=59|issue=2|pages=341–372|doi=10.1353/aq.2007.0043|s2cid=144057410 |issn=1080-6490))</ref> A piece in Summer 2005 explored the urban aspect of the readership.
<blockquote>
"Give me your tired, poor-ole drag queens,/ Your huddled faeries yearning to breathe free,/ The radical refuse of queers who have more,/ Send these, the freaks, tempest tossed to me,/ I lift my lamp guiding them to sanctuary."<ref>((Cite journal|date=Summer 2005|title=Fresh from NYC...What it is|journal=RFD Magazine|volume=122))</ref> 
</blockquote>
Although the magazine maintains its rural location of Hadley, Massachusetts, it recognizes the need for inter-community connection and [[consciousness raising]].

== Archives ==
Over 50 archives around the world have copies of the ''RFD'' magazine, however, only three of these archives are complete. ''RFD'' has sent out a call for people with copies of the work to contribute to this archival project. The publication is also making an effort to digitize each of the ''RFD'' issues. An archive of the magazine covers published between 1974 and 2012 can be found at the Radical Faerie organization website.<ref name="covers" />

==References==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
* [http://www.rfdmag.org ''RFD'' official website]
* [http://www.gayspiritvisions.org/who_we_are/running_water_farm.html Recollections of Running Water Farm]
* [http://www.warren-wilson.edu/~religion/newifo/religions/alternative/index/faeries/essay1.shtml Paganism and Gay Spirituality: A Survey of Radical Faeries in Asheville, North Carolina]

[[Category:LGBT-related magazines published in the United States]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1974]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Iowa]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Magazines published in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Oregon]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Radical Faeries]]
[[Category:Quarterly magazines published in the United States]]

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