The Right Honourable
Rachel Reeves
MP
Official portrait, 2017
Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
Assumed office
9 May 2021
LeaderKeir Starmer
Preceded byAnneliese Dodds
Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office
5 April 2020 – 9 May 2021
LeaderKeir Starmer
Preceded byFrancis Maude (2010)
Succeeded byAngela Rayner
Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office
De facto
5 April 2020 – 9 May 2021
LeaderKeir Starmer
Preceded byJon Trickett
Succeeded byAngela Rayner
Chair of the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Select Committee
In office
12 July 2017 – 6 May 2020
Preceded byIain Wright
Succeeded byDarren Jones
Shadow portfolios
2010–2015
Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
In office
7 October 2013 – 8 June 2015
Leader
Preceded byLiam Byrne
Succeeded byStephen Timms (acting)
Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
In office
7 October 2011 – 7 October 2013
LeaderEd Miliband
Preceded byAngela Eagle
Succeeded byChris Leslie
Shadow Minister for Pensions
In office
8 October 2010 – 7 October 2011
LeaderEd Miliband
Preceded byAngela Eagle (acting)
Succeeded byGregg McClymont
Member of Parliament
for Leeds West
Assumed office
6 May 2010
Preceded byJohn Battle
Majority10,564 (26.2%)
Personal details
Born
Rachel Jane Reeves

(1979-02-13) 13 February 1979 (age 44)
Lewisham, London, England
Political partyLabour
SpouseNicholas Joicey
Children2
RelativesEllie Reeves (sister)
Alma mater
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website
Rachel Reeves' voice
Reeves outlines her modern supply-side economics policy, which she later termed securonomics
Recorded 15 July 2022

Rachel Jane Reeves (born 13 February 1979) is a British politician and economist serving as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer since 2021. A member of the Labour Party, she has been Member of Parliament for Leeds West since 2010.

Reeves studied at New College, Oxford and the London School of Economics before working as an economist at the Bank of England, the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., and HBOS. Elected at the 2010 general election, she served in Ed Miliband's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury from 2011 to 2013 and Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2013 to 2015.

Reeves became a backbencher following Jeremy Corbyn's election as Labour leader in 2015, and served as chair of the Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee from 2017 to 2020. After Keir Starmer was elected as leader in 2020, he appointed Reeves as Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office, shadowing Michael Gove. In May 2021, she replaced Anneliese Dodds as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer.

As Shadow Chancellor, Reeves has adhered to "modern supply-side economics", an economic policy which focuses on infrastructure, education and labour supply by rejecting tax cuts and deregulation. In 2023, she coined the term "securonomics" to refer to her version of this economic policy.

Early life and career

Born in the London Borough of Lewisham,[1] she is the daughter of teachers[2] Graham and Sally Reeves.[3][4] She was educated at the comprehensive Cator Park School for Girls in Beckenham.[5] While at secondary school, she won a British Under-14 girls chess championship title in a tournament organised by the now-defunct British Women's Chess Association.[6] After sitting A-Levels in Politics, Economics, Mathematics and Further Mathematics, she read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at New College, Oxford (MA), achieving a 2:1.[7] She then graduated with an MSc in Economics from the London School of Economics.[8]

Reeves worked as an economist at the Bank of England and British Embassy in Washington, D.C., between 2000 and 2006.[9] She moved to Leeds in 2006 to work for the retail arm of HBOS.[1][10] She was once interviewed for a job at Goldman Sachs, but turned it down, despite claiming that the job could have made her "a lot richer".[11]

Reeves cites the influence of her father on her and her sister Ellie Reeves MP on her socially democratic politics. She recalls how, when she was eight years old, her father, Graham, pointed out the then-Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock on the television and "told us that was who we voted for". Reeves says she and her sister have "both known we were Labour since then".[12] She joined the Labour Party at the age of sixteen.[13]

Political career

Reeves stood as the Labour Party parliamentary candidate in the Conservative safe seat of Bromley and Chislehurst at the 2005 general election, finishing second behind the sitting Conservative Party MP Eric Forth.[14] Following Forth's death in 2006, she also contested the 2006 by-election, and finished in fourth place. Labour support fell from 10,241 votes to 1,925, in what was described as a "humiliation" for Labour.[15][16] The result was the worst performance for a governing party since 1991.[17]

Reeves later sought nomination for the Leeds West seat at the 2010 general election,[18] seeking to replace John Battle, who had chosen to retire.[19] She was selected to contest the seat from an all-women shortlist of Labour Party prospective parliamentary candidates.[3] She was elected with a majority of 7,016 on 6 May 2010 – a 5,794 reduction in the majority enjoyed by Battle.[20] In her maiden speech, delivered on 8 June 2010,[21] Reeves praised the work of Battle and committed to continue fighting for justice for the victims of the Armley asbestos disaster and their families. In a series of questions in Parliament, she enquired whether the government would honour promises by the previous government to compensate victims of asbestos diagnosed with pleural plaques, and bring legislation into force making it easier to pursue claims against insurers.[22]

Reeves in 2012

Following the 2010 election, Reeves supported Ed Miliband for the Labour leadership because she felt he was the candidate most willing to listen to what the voters were saying about where the party went wrong.[23] After becoming an MP, Reeves was appointed to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills Select Committee[24] then as Shadow Pensions Minister in October 2010.[25] In her role as Shadow Pensions Minister, she campaigned against the Government's proposed acceleration of equalising state pensions ages for men and women.[26] She was promoted to the post of Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury in October 2011.[27][28]

Appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in 2013, Reeves proposed that anyone unemployed for two years, or one year if under 25 years old, would be required to take a guaranteed job or lose access to benefits. This caused controversy within the Labour Party, and Reeves also stated that Labour would be "tougher" than the Conservative Party in cutting the benefits bill.[29] She caused further controversy in early 2015 by stating "We [Labour] don't want to be seen as, and we're not, the party to represent those who are out of work".[30]

Reeves was re-elected at the 2015 general election with an increased vote share of 48.0% and an increased majority of 10,727.[31]

Following Jeremy Corbyn's election as leader in 2015, Reeves supported Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election.[32] In September 2016, Reeves described her constituency as being "like a tinderbox" that could explode if immigration was not curbed.[33]

At the snap 2017 general election, Reeves was again re-elected with an increased vote share of 63.9% and an increased majority of 15,965.[34] She was again re-elected at the 2019 general election, this time with a decreased vote share of 55.1% and a decreased majority of 10,564.[35]

When Keir Starmer became Labour leader in 2020, Reeves was appointed as Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with responsibility for Labour's response to Brexit and shadowing Michael Gove.[36]

Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer

Reeves moved into the role of Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in a shadow cabinet reshuffle on 9 May 2021, replacing Anneliese Dodds.[36]

In December 2021, Reeves said she would support a 2p cut to the Income Tax basic rate, if the Conservatives proposed that. She opposed the planned 1.2% rise in National Insurance rates. Reeves said Labour planned to replace business rates with a new system that charged shops fairly compared to larger online businesses.[37]

In an interview with the Financial Times, outlining her forthcoming speech in Bury on strengthening the economy, Reeves said a Starmer government would be pro-business and committed to fiscal discipline. She said Britain had seen Japanese-style Lost Decades of growth, which she said a Labour government would reverse through following fiscal rules and eliminating borrowing for day-to-day spending, with no unfunded election spending commitments. This she said would enable government capital spending, above the current 3% of GDP per year limit, to promote growth. Labour would be both pro-worker and pro-business. Reeves did not think Britain would rejoin European Union or its single market in the next 50 years. She said she was against the return of freedom of movement for workers between the UK and EU.[38][39] Reeves also said that the falling membership of the Labour Party was a good thing, as it was shedding unwelcome supporters.[38][39]

In her speech in Bury on 20 January 2022, where she was introduced by MP Christian Wakeford who had recently defected to Labour from the Conservative Party, she added more detail to her plan:[40][41]

In 2023, after the Labour Party dropped its pledge to scrap university tuition fees, Reeves said "the circumstances since [Starmer] became leader have changed significantly" and blamed the Conservative government's handling of the economy for the policy shift.[42]

In September 2023, openDemocracy reported that Reeves, alongside Shadow Cabinet members Peter Kyle, Wes Streeting and Yvette Cooper, received large private donations from wealthy financiers. The article also states that, "There is no suggestion of impropriety here" as they "genuinely believe in policies that are good for their banker backers".[43] Later that month, Reeves was ranked number one in the New Statesman’s Left Power List 2023, above Keir Starmer, which described her as "the most influential person on the British left today".[44]

Securonomics

Since 2022, Reeves has adhered to "modern supply-side economics", an economic policy which focuses on infrastructure, education and labour supply by rejecting tax cuts and deregulation.[45][46] In May 2023, Reeves coined the term "securonomics" to refer to her version of this economic policy, originally in a public address at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.[47][48] It is heavily inspired by US president Joe Biden's economic policy, particularly his Inflation Reduction Act.[49][50] Securonomics is based on the belief that globalisation has failed to achieve its stated aims and that economies in the Western world must adapt in response.[51] It would involve a productivist "active state"[48] taking a more active role in managing the free-market economy, boosting production and drawing up industrial policy, stronger supply chains, and more economic cooperation with international allies with similar economic goals.[47][49] Reeves believes that the active state is part of an "emerging global consensus" led by Biden's administration which will replace the neoliberal economic consensus, and that economic policy must be driven by the need for security.[47][52]

In an interview with the Financial Times in May 2023, Reeves said securonomics had to be based on "the rock of fiscal responsibility". She said her proposed £28 billion climate investment plan, Labour's version of the Inflation Reduction Act, had to "fit within her fiscal rules".[52] In June 2023, the investment plan was revised to a gradual roll-out where the annual investment would rise gradually to £28 billion by around 2027.[53][54] She argued that following the economic impact of the 2021–2023 global energy crisis, food price crisis and the Truss government's "mini-budget", the plan "will only be possible if we have an iron grip on public spending and tax receipts".[47][53] The New Statesman reported that in an interview Reeves said "a Labour government would not introduce annual wealth and land taxes; raise income tax; equalise capital gains rates and income tax; rejoin the European single market and customs union; change the Bank of England's inflation target and reform its rigid mandate; or take private utilities into public ownership, except for the railways".[47]

Political positions and views

Reeves has written studies on the Financial crisis of 2007–2008 for the Fabian Review, the Institute of Public Policy Research,[55] the Socialist Environment and Resources Association,[56] and the European Journal of Political Economy.[57] In an article for Renewal entitled "The Politics of Deficit Reduction", Reeves offers her critique of the then-current financial situation and efforts to bring down the budget deficit.[58] Reeves was a proponent of quantitative easing in 2009,[59] to alleviate the late-2000s recession having studied the effects of the policy on Japan in the early 2000s.[60]

Reeves supports the High Speed 2 rail project,[61] and raised the issue in the House of Commons,[62] as well as campaigning for the proposed Kirkstall Forge railway station.[63] In 2008 she was involved in the campaign to save the historic Bramley Baths[64][65] and in 2011 the campaign to save the children's heart unit at Leeds General Infirmary.[66][better source needed]

Reeves is a vice-chair of Labour Friends of Israel,[67] contributed a chapter to a book about Israeli politics and society,[68] and supports the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation.[69][70]

Writing

Echoing similar titles of publications by Roy Jenkins in 1959 and Tony Wright in 1997, Reeves wrote the new edition of Why Vote Labour? in the run-up to the 2010 general election, as part of a series giving the case for each of the main political parties.[71]

Her biography of the Labour politician Alice Bacon, Baroness Bacon (1909–1993), titled Alice in Westminster: The Political Life of Alice Bacon, was published in 2017.[72] Bacon was the first and previously only woman to represent a Leeds constituency, having represented Leeds North East and then Leeds South East between 1945 and 1970.[73][74]

In 2023, Reeves' book The Women Who Made Modern Economics was published.[75] The Guardian said the book contained "something much more like the outlines of a coherent political project ... than Labour is sometimes credited with".[76]

The Financial Times reported that the book "lifted" content from Wikipedia, The Guardian and other sources, identifying over twenty examples of apparent plagiarism in the book, including entire paragraphs.[77] BBC News reported that Reeves told the BBC some sentences "were not properly referenced" and this would be corrected in future reprints.[78]

Honours

In June 2023, it was announced that Reeves was elected as an Honorary Fellow of New College, Oxford.[79]

Personal life

Reeves is married to Nicholas Joicey,[80] a civil servant and Gordon Brown's former private secretary and speech writer.[81] The couple have homes in Leeds (Bramley) and London.[82][83] Reeves announced her first pregnancy on 20 September 2012,[84] and gave birth to a daughter,[85] and later a son, in 2015.[83]

Rachel's younger sister Ellie is the Labour MP for Lewisham West and Penge and is married to John Cryer, Labour MP for Leyton and Wanstead.[86][87]

References

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Parliament of the United Kingdom Preceded byJohn Battle Member of Parliament for Leeds West 2010–present Incumbent Political offices Preceded byAngela Eagle Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury 2011–2013 Succeeded byChris Leslie Preceded byLiam Byrne Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 2013–2015 Succeeded byStephen TimmsActing VacantTitle last held byFrancis Maude Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 2020–2021 Succeeded byAngela Rayner Preceded byJon Trickett Shadow Minister for the Cabinet Office 2020–2021 Preceded byAnneliese Dodds Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer 2021–present Incumbent
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