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((short description|16th-century Crown Prince of Luzon))
((Other people|Suleiman))
((Infobox royalty
| name        = Sulayman
| title       = Co-rajah of [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]]
| image       = Rajah Sulayman Monument, Malate, Manila.jpg
| caption     = Monument of Prince Sulayman in [[Manila]]
| reign       = around 1570 until 1571
| predecessor = [[Raja Matanda|Ache]]
| successor   = 
| issue       = See [[#Descendants|Descendants]]
| house       = Salalila
| religion    = [[Islam]]
))
'''Sulayman''', sometimes referred to as '''Sulayman III''' ([[Arabic script]]: سليمان, [[Filipino orthography|Abecedario]]: ''Solimán'') (d. 1590s),<ref name="melayu"/> was a Crown Prince of the [[Kingdom of Luzon]] in the 16th century and was a nephew of King [[Raja Matanda|Ache of Luzon]]. He was the commander of Luzonian forces in the battle of Manila of 1570 against Spanish forces.

His palace was within the walled and fortified city of Manila.<ref name="JoaquinManila">((cite book|last=Joaquin|first=Nick|title=Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young|publisher=Anvil Publishing, Inc.|year=1990|location=City of Manila|isbn=978-971-569-313-4))</ref><ref name="Scott1994">((cite book|last=Scott|first=William Henry|author-link=William Henry Scott (historian)|title=Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society|publisher=Ateneo de Manila University Press|year=1994|location=Quezon City|isbn=971-550-135-4))</ref><ref name="Dery2001">((cite book|last=Dery|first=Luis Camara|title=A History of the Inarticulate|publisher=New Day Publishers|year=2001|location=Quezon City|isbn=971-10-1069-0))</ref> Sulayman – along with his uncle [[Raja Matanda|King Ache]] and [[Lakan Dula]], who ruled the adjacent kingdom or [[Tondo (historical polity)|principality of Tondo]] – was one of the three rulers who dealt with the Spanish in the battle of Manila of 1570. The Spanish described him as the most aggressive one due to his youth relative to the other two rulers.<ref name="Scott1994"/><ref name="Dery2001"/> Sulayman's adoptive son, baptized [[Agustin de Legaspi]] upon conversion to [[Catholicism|Christianity]], was proclaimed the sovereign ruler of Tondo upon the death of Lakan Dula. He along with most of Lakan Dula's sons and most of Sulayman's other adoptive sons were executed by the Spanish after being implicated in [[Tondo Conspiracy|an assembly]] to overturn Spanish rule in Manila. This execution helped the [[Spanish East Indies]] fortify its rule on parts of [[Luzon]].<ref name="Dery2001"/>

== Names ==
Spanish documents note that Sulayman's subjects called him ''Raja Mura'' or ''Raja Muda'', "Young Raja", a reference to the fact that he was Raja Matanda's nephew and [[heir apparent]]. The Spaniards also called him "''Raja Solimano el Mow''" <ref name="melayu">((cite web|last=Rodil|first=Awang Romeo Duana|title=The Muslim Rulers of Manila|work=melayuonline.com|date=April 18, 2008|url=http://article.melayuonline.com/?a=Rm1tL1U5bWh1MGY%3D=|access-date=October 4, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090405005708/http://article.melayuonline.com/?a=Rm1tL1U5bWh1MGY%3D=|archive-date=April 5, 2009|url-status=dead))</ref> so his name is also often spelled as ''Solimán'' due to Spanish influence.

== Ancestry ==
According to the genealogy proposed by Mariano A. Henson<ref name="Henson1955">((cite book | title=The Province of Pampanga and its towns (A.D. 1300–1955) with the genealogy of the rulers of central Luzon | publisher=Villanueva Books | author=Henson, Mariano A | year=1955 | location=Manila))</ref> in 1955, and asserted by Majul in 1973,<ref name="Majul1973">((cite book | title=Muslims in the Philippines | publisher=University of the Philippines Asian Center | author=Majul, César Adib | year=1973 | location=Diliman))</ref> Sulayman was the 14th<ref name="Henson1955"/> Raja of Manila since it was founded as a Muslim<ref name="Henson1955"/> principality in 1258<ref name="Henson1955"/> by Rajah Ahmad when he defeated the [[Majapahit]] [[suzerain]], Raja Avirjirkaya.<ref name="Henson1955"/>

==Spanish conquest of Manila (1570–1571)==
((see also|Hinduism in the Philippines|Religion in pre-colonial Philippines|Indosphere|Indianized kingdom))
((more citations needed section|date=October 2017))
Rajah Sulayman was the ruler of [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]] along with [[Rajah Matanda]] when the invasion of Legazpi occurred. Manila was already influenced by neighboring Southeast Asian kingdoms. The area was already an entrepot of trade from China, Siam and other places.<ref>((Cite web|title=Pre-colonial Manila ((!)) Presidential Museum and Library|url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/75832-pre-colonial-manila/|access-date=December 5, 2020|language=en-US))</ref>

The Spanish explorer [[Miguel López de Legazpi]], searching for a suitable place to establish his capital after moving from [[Cebu]] to [[Panay]] due to [[Portugal|Portuguese]] claim of the archipelago, sent [[Martin de Goiti|Martín de Goiti]] and [[Juan de Salcedo]] on an expedition northward to Luzon upon hearing of a prosperous kingdom there.<ref name="filipiniana">[http://www.filipiniana.net/read_content.jsp?filename=BR2000000027&page=105&epage=105 Filipiniana: Act of Taking Possession of Luzon by Martin de Goiti] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221172913/http://www.filipiniana.net/read_content.jsp?filename=BR2000000027&page=105&epage=105 |date=February 21, 2008 )); accessed September 6, 2008.</ref>

Goiti anchored at [[Cavite]] and established his authority by sending a "message of friendship" to the states surrounding the Pasig River. Sulayman, who had been given authority over these settlements by the ageing Rajah Matanda, was willing to accept the "friendship" from the Spaniards. However, he refused to cede his sovereignty, and had no choice but to waged war against the new arrivals' demands. As a result, Goíti and his army invaded the kingdoms in June 1570, sacking and burning the great city before returning to Panay.<ref name="filipiniana"/>

==Tarik Sulayman and the Battle of Bangkusay (1571)==
Some controversy exists about the identity of the leader of the [[Macabebe]] people that initiated the [[Battle of Bangkusay Channel|Battle of Bangkusay]] in 1571. That chieftain is referred to by Filipino historians as [[Tarik Sulayman]].<ref name="sunstar">((Cite news|last=Tantingco|first=Robby|title=First Filipino martyr for freedom|newspaper=Sun Star Pampanga|date=October 24, 2006|url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/pam/2006/10/24/oped/robby.tantingco.peanut.gallery.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024232001/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/pam/2006/10/24/oped/robby.tantingco.peanut.gallery.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 24, 2018))</ref> In some versions of the Battle of Bangkusay, Tarik Sulayman of Macabebe and Sulayman III of Manila are the same person,<ref name="lonelyplanet">[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/philippines/manila/history History of Manila]; accessed September 8, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMAY5X_Rajah_Sulayman__Manila_Philippines Rajah Sulayman – Manila, Philippines], waymarking.com; accessed August 10, 2015.</ref> while other contend that they are separate individuals.<ref name="pugay">((cite web|last=Piedad-Pugay|first=Chris Antonette|title=The Battle of Bangkusay: A Paradigm of Defiance against Colonial Conquest|work=National Historical Institute Website|publisher=National Historical Institute|date=June 6, 2008|url=http://www.nhi.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=145&Itemid=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424043649/http://www.nhi.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=145&Itemid=2|archive-date=April 24, 2009))</ref>

Spanish documents do not name the leader of the Macabebe Revolt, but record that he died at Bangkusay, resulting in a Macabebe retreat and Spanish victory.<ref name="pugay"/><ref name="agustin">((cite book|last=San Agustin|first=Gaspar de|translator=Luis Antonio Mañeru|title=Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas 1565–1615|publisher=Pedro Galende, OSA|location=Intramuros, Manila |date=1998|language=es, en))</ref> Sulayman III, on the other hand, is clearly recorded as participating in the Revolt of 1574, and thus cannot be the unnamed figure who died in 1571 at Bangkusay.((citation needed|date=August 2015))

==The "Sulayman Revolt" (1574) ==
When López de Legazpi died in 1572, his successor, [[Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor-General]] [[Guido de Lavezaris]], did not honour their agreements with Sulayman and Lakan Dula. He sequestered the properties of both kings and tolerated Spanish atrocities.<ref name="Dery2001"/><ref name="B&Rv7">Robertson, James Alexander, and Emma Helen Blair. The Philippine Islands 1493–1989. Vol. 7.</ref>

In response, Sulayman and Lakan Dula led a revolt in the villages of [[Navotas]] in 1574, taking advantage of the confusion brought about by the attacks of Chinese pirate [[Limahong]]. This is often referred to as the "Manila Revolt of 1574" but is sometimes referred to as the "[[Philippine revolts against Spain#Manila Revolt .281574.29|Sulayman Revolt]]" and the "Lakan Dula Revolt." Since it involved naval forces, the Sulayman Revolt is also known as the "First Battle of Manila Bay".<ref name="Dery2001"/><ref name="B&Rv7"/>

Friar Gerónimo Marín and Juan de Salcedo were tasked with pursuing conciliatory talks with the kingdoms. Lakan Dula and Sulayman agreed to Salcedo's peace treaty and an alliance was formed between the two groups.<ref name="Dery2001"/><ref name="B&Rv7"/>

== Life after 1574 ==
Some accounts from the [[American occupation of the Philippines|American Occupation]] claim that Sulayman was killed during the revolt of 1574, but this once again seems to be the result of Sulayman being confused with Tarik Sulayman of Macabebe, who had died in the previous revolt in 1571. A review of genealogical documents in the [[National Archives of the Philippines|National Archives]] notes that Sulayman lived past the 1574 revolt, in which his son, Rahang Bago, was killed, and lived long enough to adopt the children of an unnamed sibling to be his descendants.<ref name="Santiago1990"/>

Sulayman is no longer mentioned in the accounts of events that took place from 1586 to 1588, which involved many members of his family.<ref name="Scott1994"/>

== Descendants ==
According to [[Luciano P.R. Santiago]]'s genealogical research, Sulayman married his cousin, a princess from [[Borneo]], and they had at least two biological children: a son referred to as "''Rahang Bago''" ("new prince"; written as "''Raxa el Vago''" in the Spanish texts), and a daughter who would be [[Baptism in the Catholic Church|baptized]] Doña María Laran.<ref name="Santiago1990">((Cite journal |last=Santiago |first=Luciano P.R. |date=1990 |title=The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman [1571–1898]: Genealogy and Group Identity |journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society  |volume=18))</ref> A legend cited by the government of Pasay in the 1950s also says Sulayman had two children: a son named Suwaboy, and a daughter, Dayang-dayang (Princess) Pasay, who would inherit from her father the lands south of Manila now known as Pasay and Parañaque.<ref name="Dery2001"/>  However, Rahang Bago and his cousin Lumantalan were killed by the Spanish in November 1574, in the confusion that ensued during the attack of the Chinese [[Pirate|corsair]], [[Limahong]].<ref name="Santiago1990"/>

According to Santiago's research, Doña María Laran had two daughters: Doña Inés Dahitim, the elder, who married Don Miguel Banal of [[Quiapo, Manila|Quiapo]]; and Doña María Guinyamat, who married a Don Agustín Turingan. Luciano P.R. Santiago theorizes that Don Miguel Banal was the son of the Don Juan Banal implicated in the [[Tondo Conspiracy of 1587]]. Santiago furthers that Don Miguel Banal and Doña Inés Dahitim are said to have begotten the second Filipino to join the [[Augustinians|Augustinian Order]], Fray Marcelo Banal de San Agustín.<ref name="Santiago1990"/>

The oral legend cited by the local government of Pasay says that Dayang-dayang Pasay married a local prince named Maytubig and settled in the place called Balite. The legend says that they had a daughter named Dominga Custodio, who grew up to donate all her lands to the Augustinians just before her death.<ref name="Dery2001"/>

Santiago, however, claims that aside from his biological children, Sulayman had descendants by adoption. Santiago's genealogical research suggests that Sulayman had at least one male sibling, unnamed in the records, and who had died prior to the death of Rahang Bago in 1574.  Sulayman chose to adopt the sons of this sibling, who were identified in records as [[Agustin de Legaspi]], Don Gabriel Taumbasan, and Don Jerónimo Bassi.<ref name="Santiago1990"/> All three adopted children of Sulayman participated in the Tondo Conspiracy of 1587, and only Taumbasan was not executed, having instead been exiled in [[New Spain|Mexico]] for four years.

==Others==
According to [[Maranao language|Meranau]] history, he is part of this list of rulers:
* Rajah Sulayman
* Rajah Indarafatra
* Rajah Umaka'an

==Legacy==
In [[Rizal Park]] in [[Manila]] is a statue of Rajah Sulayman as a hero against Spanish invasion. [[Raja Soliman Science and Technology High School|Rajah Soliman Science and Technology High School]] in [[Binondo]], Manila – one of two science high schools – is named after him.<ref>((cite web|title=Rajah Sulayman - Manila, Philippines - Statues of Historic Figures on Waymarking.com|url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMAY5X_Rajah_Sulayman__Manila_Philippines|website=www.waymarking.com|access-date=May 4, 2016))</ref>

==See also==
((Div col))
* [[Agustin de Legazpi]]
* [[Maginoo]]
* [[Rajah]]
* [[Sultan]]
* [[Datu]]
* [[Lakan]]
* [[Philippine revolts against Spain]]
* [[Lacandola Documents]]
((col div end))

==References==
((Commons category|Rajah Sulayman))
((reflist))
*((cite book|title=Raja Sulaiman was No Carabao: Understanding the Muslim Question|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2Q2US74M9AC&pg=PA6|year=2001|publisher=PhilAm Books|isbn=978-971-8743-17-1|pages=6–))
*((cite book|title=Raja Sulaiman was No Carabao: Understanding the Muslim Question|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtuGc2mNiwAC&pg=PA6|year=2001|publisher=PhilAm Books|isbn=978-971-8743-17-1|pages=6–))

((S-start))
((s-hou|[[House of Salalila]]||mid-16th century||after 1589))
((s-reg|))
((s-bef|rows=1|before=[[Rajah Matanda]]))
((s-ttl|title=Rajah of [[Rajahnate of Maynila|Maynila]]<br><small> as co-ruler around 1570 onwards</small>|years= 1570-1571))
((s-non|reason=Title abolished<br><small>[[Manila]] founded as the capital of the [[Spanish East Indies]]</small>))
|-
((S-end))

((Historic Filipino monarchs))
((India-related topics in Philippines))

((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Sulayman, Rajah))
[[Category:Filipino paramount rulers]]
[[Category:Filipino datus, rajas and sultans]]
[[Category:History of the Philippines (900–1565)]]
[[Category:People from the Spanish colonial Philippines]]
[[Category:People from Manila]]
[[Category:1558 births]]
[[Category:1575 deaths]]
[[Category:Filipino Muslims]]
[[Category:Filipino people of Malay descent]]

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