Ramalina
Ramalina fraxinea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Ramalina
Ach. (1809)[1]
Type species
Ramalina fraxinea
(L.) Ach. (1810)
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Alectoriopsis Elenkin (1929)
  • Chlorodictyon J.Agardh (1870)
  • Dievernia M.Choisy (1931)
  • Fistulariella Bowler & Rundel (1977)
  • Platisma P.Browne ex Adans. (1763)
  • Platysma Hill (1773)
  • Ramalinomyces E.A.Thomas ex Cif. & Tomas. (1953)
  • Trichoramalina Rundel & Bowler (1974)
  • Vermilacinia Spjut & Hale (1995)

Ramalina is a genus of greenish fruticose lichens that grow in the form of flattened, strap-like branches.[3]: 189  Members of the genus are commonly called strap lichens[3]: 189  or cartilage lichens.[4] Apothecia are lecanorine.[3]: 189 

Lichen spot tests on the cortex are K−, C−, KC+ dark yellow, and P−.[3]: 189 

It is in the Ramalinaceae and in the suborder Lecanorineae.[5]

Distribution

The genus has a widespread distribution. A 2008 estimate placed more than 240 species in Ramalina.[6]

Species

References

  1. ^ Acharius E. (1809). Lichenographia Universalis (in Latin). pp. 122, 598.
  2. ^ "Synonymy. Current Name: Ramalina Ach., in Luyken, Tent. Hist. Lich.: 95 (1809)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
  4. ^ "Ramalina". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
  5. ^ C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell, Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5
  6. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 591. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  7. ^ a b Zhang, Huan-Bing; Liu, Yu-Jie; Guo, Shou-Yu; Han, Liu-Fu (2021). "Two new lichen species of the genus Ramalina (Ramalinaceae) from China". The Bryologist. 124 (2). doi:10.1639/0007-2745-124.1.162. S2CID 233554046.
  8. ^ Pérez-Vargas, Israel (2014). "A new endemic Ramalina species from the Canary Islands (Ascomycota, Lecanorales)". Phytotaxa. 159 (4): 269–278. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.4.3.
  9. ^ Hale, Mason E. (1978). "A new species of Ramalina from North America (Lichenes: Ramalinaceae)". The Bryologist. 81 (4): 599–602. doi:10.2307/3242352. JSTOR 3242352.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Marcano, Vicente; Méndez, Antonio Morales; Mendez, Antonio Morales (1994). "New species of Ramalina from Venezuela". The Bryologist. 97 (1): 26–33. doi:10.2307/3243345. JSTOR 3243345.
  11. ^ Sérusiaux, Emmanuël; van den Boom, Pieter; Magain, Nicolas (2021). "Ramalina arsenii, an additional new species in the R. pollinaria group in Western Europe". The Lichenologist. 53 (6): 433–439. doi:10.1017/s0024282921000372. hdl:2268/266833. S2CID 244923446.
  12. ^ a b Aptroot, A.; Schumm, F. (2008). "Key to Ramalina species known from Atlantic islands, with two new species from the Azores". Sauteria. 15: 21–57.
  13. ^ Nylander, W. (1870). "Recognitio monographica Ramalinarum". Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie (in Latin). 4: 120.
  14. ^ a b c Stevens, G. Nell (1986). "Three new saxicolous Ramalinae from Australia". The Lichenologist. 18 (2): 183–189. doi:10.1017/s0024282986000233. S2CID 85183102.
  15. ^ a b c d Swinscow, T.D.V.; Krog, H. (1974). "Ramalina species with a hollow thallus (Fistularia) in East Africa". Norwegian Journal of Botany. 21: 111–124.
  16. ^ a b Steiner, J. (1904). "Flechten, auf Madeira und den Kanaren gesammelt von J. Bornmüller in den Jahren 1900 und 1901 (Fortsetzung)". Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift (in German). 54 (10): 351–365. doi:10.1007/BF01673048. S2CID 44001846.
  17. ^ a b Elix, J.A.; Din, L.B.; Samsudin, M.W.B. (1991). "New species of Ramalina (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Australasia and Malaysia". Mycotaxon. 40: 41–44.
  18. ^ a b Kashiwadani, H.; Nash, T.H. III (2002). "New species of the genus Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from the Sonoran Desert, Mexico". Mycotaxon. 83: 385–389.
  19. ^ a b Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H.; Han, J.E. (2021). "Ramalina cinereovirens and R. subdecumbens (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycotina), two new species from Korea". Journal of Japanese Botany. 96 (2): 74–83.
  20. ^ Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H. (2002). "A new or interesting species of the genus Ramalina (Ascomycotina:Ramalinaceae) from Korea and Japan". Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo. 28 (1): 1–6.
  21. ^ a b c d Aptroot, A.; Bungartz, F. (2007). "The lichen genus Ramalina on the Galapagos". The Lichenologist. 39 (6): 519–542. doi:10.1017/s0024282907006901. S2CID 83935284.
  22. ^ a b c d e Krog, H.; Swinscow, T.D.V. (1976). "The genus Ramalina in East Africa". Norwegian Journal of Botany. 23 (3): 153–175.
  23. ^ Krog, H. (2000). "Corticolous macrolichens of low montane rainforests and moist woodlands of eastern Tanzania". Sommerfeltia. 28: 1–75. doi:10.2478/som-2000-0001. S2CID 236991479.
  24. ^ a b Gasparyan, Arsen; Sipman, Harrie J. M.; Lücking, Robert (2017). "Ramalina europaea and R. labiosorediata, two new species of the R. pollinaria group (Ascomycota:Ramalinaceae), and new typifications for Lichen pollinarius and L. squarrosus". The Lichenologist. 49 (4): 301–319. doi:10.1017/s0024282917000226. S2CID 90365736.
  25. ^ a b Asahina, Y. (1939). "Ramalina-Arten aus Japan (II)". Journal of Japanese Botany (in German). 15: 205–223.
  26. ^ a b Stevens, G.N. (1987). "The lichen genus Ramalina in Australia". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. 16: 107–223.
  27. ^ a b c d Aptroot, A. (2008). "Lichens of St Helena and Ascension Island". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 158: 147–171. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00797.x.
  28. ^ a b c Poncet, Rémy; Lohézic-Le Dévéhat, Françoise; Ferron, Solenn; Hivert, Jean; Fontaine, Christian; Picot, Frédéric; Bidault, Ehoarn; Kervran, Lionel (2021). "The genus Ramalina (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) from the Scattered Islands (French Southern and Antarctic Lands), with descriptions of three new species". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 66 (2): 211–224. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2021-0019.
  29. ^ a b Moon, K.H.; Ahn, C.; Han, J.E.; Kashiwadani, H. (2016). "Two new species of Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from Korea". Journal of Japanese Botany. 91(Suppl.): 376–387.
  30. ^ Spjut, Richard; Simon, Antoine; Guissard, Martin; Magain, Nicolas; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël (2020). "The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history". MycoKeys. 73: 1–68. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287. PMC 7501315. PMID 32994702.
  31. ^ Blanchon, D.J.; Bannister, J. (2002). "Ramalina meridionalis, a new species from New Zealand, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island". Australasian Lichenology. 51: 17–19.
  32. ^ Kashiwadani, H.; Nash, T.H.; Moon, K.H. (2007). "Two new species of the genus Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from South America". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 95: 335–340.
  33. ^ De Notaris, G. (1846). "Frammenti lichenografici di un lavoro inedito". Giornale Botanico Italiano (in Italian). 2 (1): 211.
  34. ^ a b Kashiwadani, H.; Smith, C.W.; Moon (2002). "New Species of Ramalina (Ascomycotina, Ramalinaceae) from the Hawaiian Islands". Journal of Japanese Botany. 77 (6): 351–355.
  35. ^ a b Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H. (2017). "Two new species of Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from the Nansei Islands, Japan". Journal of Japanese Botany. 92 (1): 27–33.
  36. ^ Knudsen, Kerry; Lendemer, James C.; Kocourková, Jana (2018). "Ramalina sarahae (Ramalinaceae), a new species from the Channel Islands of California, U.S.A.". The Bryologist. 121 (4): 513–519. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.4.513. S2CID 92044173.
  37. ^ a b Aptroot, A.; Sipman, H.J.M. (2001). "New Hong Kong lichens, ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 91: 317–343.
  38. ^ Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U.; et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 18 (1): 9–11. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1.
  39. ^ Szatala, O. (1937). "Ramalinae nonnullae". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 42 (16–20): 225–228. doi:10.1002/fedr.19370421602.
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