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((short description|Town in County Laois, Ireland))
((for|the Australian town|Rathdowney, Queensland))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((More citations needed|date=July 2015))
((Infobox settlement
|settlement_type        = Village
|name                   = Rathdowney
|native_name            = ((Irish place name|Ráth Domhnaigh))
|native_name_lang       = ga
|image_skyline          = Rathdowney, Co. Laois, Ireland (View of Main Street).jpg
|image_caption          = Main Street
|pushpin_map            = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = right
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in Ireland
|coordinates            = ((coord|52.8554|-7.5848|dim:100000_region:IE|format=dms|display=inline,title))
|blank_name_sec1        = Irish Grid Reference
|blank_info_sec1        = ((iem4ibx|S279783))
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = Ireland
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = Leinster
|subdivision_type2      = [[Counties of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[County Laois]]
|unit_pref              = Metric
|elevation_m            = 100
|population_as_of       = [[2016 census of Ireland|2016]]
|population             = 1271
|population_footnotes   = <ref name="census2016">((cite web|url = http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&Geog_Code=0E6C7E99-5FFD-4F92-AAD3-AA7674DB6978#SAPMAP_T1_100 | publisher = Central Statistics Office | work = Census 2016 | title = Sapmap Area - Settlements - Rathdowney | date = April 2016 | access-date = 28 January 2020))</ref>
))

'''Rathdowney''' or '''Rathdowny''' (((Irish place name|Ráth Domhnaigh|ringfort of the church)))<ref name=logainm>((cite web|url = https://www.logainm.ie/1416675.aspx | publisher = Irish Placenames Commission | title = Ráth Domhnaigh / Rathdowney | access-date = 28 January 2020))</ref> is a town in southwest [[County Laois]], Ireland. It lies some 32&nbsp;km southwest of [[Portlaoise]] in the [[Irish Midlands]], at the point where the [[R433 road|R433]] [[Regional road (Ireland)|regional road]] from [[Abbeyleix]] to [[Templemore]] is crossed by the [[R435 road|R435]] from [[Borris-in-Ossory]] to [[Johnstown, County Kilkenny|Johnstown]]. The R433 provides access for Rathdowney to the Dublin-Cork [[M8 motorway (Ireland)|M8 motorway]], while the R435 links the town to the Dublin-Limerick [[M7 motorway (Ireland)|M7]]. As of the [[2016 census of Ireland|2016 census]], the population of Rathdowney was 1,271.<ref name="census2016"/> The town is in a [[townland]] and [[Civil parishes in Ireland|civil parish]] of the same name.<ref name=logainm/>

==History==
Rathdowney is named after a nearby [[ringfort]], or ''ráth'', which was levelled in [[1830 in Ireland|1830]]. This ráth is mentioned three times in the [[Annals of the Four Masters]]:

* 874 [[Flaithri]], son of Máel Dúin, Lord of Rath-Tamhnaighe (Rathdowney) died
* 909  [[Maelpadraig]], son of Flaithri, Lord of Rath-Tamhnaighe, died
* 1069 [[Gillamoula]], grandson of [[Bruaideadh]], Lord of Rath-Tamhnaighe

The settlement of Rathdowney has existed since at least the 9th century. Historically it forms part of the [[Kingdom of Osraige]], and today it remains part of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ossory]], as such Rathdowney is not historically part of Laois. The present-day county of Laois is a modern administrative construct.  A half mile southeast of Rathdowney, there stood until 1836, the ruins of a castle called Rathpiper, which most probably took its name from "Pipard", a descendant of Adam de Hereford.<ref>((Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPMQAwAAQBAJ&q=rathpiper+castle+ireland&pg=PA6 | title=The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory| isbn=9785879206463| last1=Carrigan| first1=William| year=1981))</ref>  This locality of "Pyperath" within Rathdowny parish appears to have been a royal site associated with the medieval [[Mac Giolla Phádraig dynasty]], as documents relating to meeting there in 1558 show.<ref>((Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cscQwIzZr70C&q=rathpiper+castle+ireland&pg=PA24 |title = Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland C. 1100-1600: A Cultural Landscape Study|isbn = 9781843830900|last1 = Fitzpatrick|first1 = Elizabeth|year = 2004))</ref>

The Croppy's Grave located in the town's central square is the still visible cobbled grave of a [[croppy]] revolutionary hanged and buried there in 1798. The site also contains a recent memorial.

The town was raided at least once by anti-treaty forces during the [[Irish Civil War]] of 1922 to 1923.

[[Queen Victoria]] passed through Rathdowney during her first visit to Ireland in 1849 and in a letter to her maternal sibling [[Princess Feodora of Leiningen]] about the visit to Ireland she described passing through a town assumed to be Rathdowney by historians as "a quaint village, surrounded by hills" and went on to describe it as "an idyllic small town".

[[File:Rathdowney Panorama (Church St, Ossory St, Main St).jpg|thumb|Panorama of Rathdowney with Church Street on the left, Ossory Street to the centre, Main Street on the right]]

==Churches==
Saint Andrew's Church of Ireland church, which overlooks the town's square, was built in the early 19th century.<ref>((cite web|url = https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/12900818/rathdowney-church-of-ireland-church-rathdowney-county-laois | publisher = National Inventory of Architectural Heritage | website = buildingsofireland.ie | title = Rathdowney Church Of Ireland Church, Rathdowney, County Laois | access-date = 28 January 2020 ))</ref> It stands on the traditional site of the pre-Reformation church. A Roman Catholic church was constructed on the main street in the 1830s, and this church served the Catholic population of the area for the next 120 years before it too was demolished; to be replaced by a shrine and carpark. A new larger Catholic church, the Church of the Holy Trinity, was designed by Simon Aloysius Leonard and built on the west side of the town in the 1950s.<ref>((cite web|url = https://www.dia.ie/works/view/9798/CO.+LAOIS%2C+RATHDOWNEY%2C+CHURCH+%28RC%29 | publisher = Irish Architectural Archive | work = Dictionary of Irish Architects | title = Co. Laois, Rathdowney, Church (RC) | access-date = 28 January 2020 ))</ref>

There are a number of "mass pits" (outdoor areas used for Catholic masses during penal times) located in the vicinity of the town.((citation needed|date=January 2020))

==Economy==
The Meadow Meats processing plant is part of the Dawn Meats Group and was the largest employer in the town. This factory stands on the old Perry's Brewery site, it was purchased by Lyons Meats in 1968 and converted by them to a meat processing facility, which went into production in 1971.((citation needed|date=January 2020)) Rathdowney is also something of a centre for several out lying villages and is a focal point for the surrounding agricultural hinterland.((citation needed|date=January 2020))

==People==
* [[Tony Byrne (footballer, born 1946)|Tony Byrne]], international footballer.
* [[Ned Campion]], internation showjumper
* [[Kieran Patrick Kelly]], suspected serial killer.
* [[Edward Ledwich]], historian, antiquary and topographer, was curate in Rathdowney for a time.((citation needed|date=January 2021))
* [[John Moyney]], an Irish recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], was born in Rathdowney.
* [[James Pearson (soldier)|James Pearson]], also a [[Victoria Cross]] recipient from Rathdowney.
* [[Kieran Phelan]], Irish politician, member of Seanad 2002–2010.
* [[Thomas Prior]], author and founder of the Royal Dublin Society.

==See also==
* [[List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland|List of towns and villages in Ireland]]

==References==
((Commons category|Rathdowney))
((Reflist))

((County Laois))

[[Category:Towns and villages in County Laois]]
[[Category:Townlands of County Laois]]
[[Category:Civil parishes of County Laois]]

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