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((Short description|Village in South Yorkshire, England))
((more citations needed|date=July 2013))
((Use British English|date=December 2013))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2024))
((Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| coordinates              = ((coord|53.4636|-1.3439|display=inline,title))
| static_image             = Rawmarsh Hll. - geograph.org.uk - 464236.jpg
| static_image_caption     = Rawmarsh hill
| official_name            = Rawmarsh
| map_type                 = South Yorkshire
| population               = 18,498
| metropolitan_borough     = [[Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham|Rotherham]]
| metropolitan_county      = [[South Yorkshire]]
| region                   = Yorkshire and the Humber
| constituency_westminster = [[Wentworth and Dearne (UK Parliament constituency)|Wentworth and Dearne]]
| post_town                = ROTHERHAM
| postcode_district        = S62
| postcode_area            = S
| dial_code                = 01709
| os_grid_reference        = SK435965
| london_distance_mi       = 145
| london_direction         = SSE
))

'''Rawmarsh''' (locally ((IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|m|ᵻ|ʃ))) is a large village in the [[Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham]], in [[South Yorkshire]], England. [[Historic counties of England|Historically]] within the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]], it is ((convert|2|mi|km|0)) north-northeast from [[Rotherham]] town centre and ((convert|3|mi|km|0)) south-southwest of [[Swinton, South Yorkshire|Swinton]]. The village also forms part of the [[Sheffield Urban Area]].<ref name="statistics">((cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.csv|title=Office for National Statistics (ONS) - ONS|publisher=statistics.gov.uk|accessdate=23 March 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629075734/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D8271.csv|archivedate=29 June 2011|df=dmy-all))</ref> The Rawmarsh ward of Rotherham MBC had a population of 13,389 at the 2011 Census.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13689532&c=Rawmarsh&d=14&e=62&g=6355473&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1457606561316&enc=1|title=Rotherham MBC ward population 2011|accessdate=10 March 2016|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics))</ref> Rawmarsh also contains other output areas from neighbouring wards giving it a population of 18,498 in 2011 and 18,535 in 2014.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-yorkshireandthehumber.php?cityid=E35001141|title = Yorkshire and the Humber (United Kingdom): Counties and Unitary Districts & Settlements - Population Statistics, Charts and Map))</ref>

== History ==

===Etymology===
The name has gone through many changes since being recorded as "Rodemesc" in the ''[[Domesday Book]]'' and "Raumersche" in 1355. The name is thought((by whom|date=July 2013)) to be of dual origin, "Rode" is from the Old Norse for "red", and Mesc from "Old English" meaning "Marsh". This led to "Red Marsh", from its situation in the [[Permian]] System of red [[sandstone]]s and [[marl]]s which run through the area. Localised clays outcrop and the area was formerly known for its [[pottery|potteries]].

===Origins and development===
At the beginning of the 20th century Rawmarsh was described as "an increasing parish" and included the outlying hamlets of [[Parkgate, Rotherham|Parkgate]], Stubbin and Upper Haugh. In 1851 the population was 2,533 but 50&nbsp;years later this had increased to 14,587. In 1961, the population was 19,700 but, forty years later, at the 2001 census it had reduced to 17,443. Rawmarsh has laid claim to the title of being the [[largest village in England]]; however this claim is unsubstantiated and there are indeed many settlements that make this claim.

[[File:Rawmarsh St Mary's Church 2004.jpg|thumb|left|St Mary's Church, Rawmarsh]]
Primarily a residential area, Rawmarsh is known for its church, Rawmarsh St Mary's Parish Church, which dominates the view at the top of Rawmarsh Hill. There has been a church in the town since Norman times (c.1127) but the earliest recorded [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] was William de Sutton who was instituted on 6 June 1227. The current church was completed in 1838 when the tower was increased in height and the rest rebuilt, [[James Pigott Pritchett]] being the architect. In 1869, the tower began to collapse and was rebuilt incorporating features of the original Norman doorway. In 1894 the sanctuary was enlarged and the vestry, organ chamber and north porch were added. The present sanctuary was repaved in 1977 in memory of Canon Scovell, who is also remembered as a street name in the town; the font is Perpendicular in style and is from the old church. More recently restoration work was undertaken in 2003. The church contains two monuments of interest: one to Lady Middleton and her children (1667) who lived for a time at Aldwarke Hall, and the other to John Darley of Kilnhurst (1616).
The Parish Church of Christ Church, Parkgate, separated from Rawmarsh in 1868, was brought back in the early 1960s. There are other churches: St Nicolas, Ryecroft (1928) and a selection of 'Free' churches, Spiritualists, Roman Catholic and Quakers.

== Industry ==
[[File:Rawmarsh Community Library - geograph.org.uk - 799528.jpg|thumb|260px|Former library]]
In the past the coal and steel industries were major employers in the area. Coal had been mined in the Haugh area from the mid-15th century<ref>157 DD/FJ Foljambe of Osberton: Deeds and Estate Papers</ref> and in the Parkgate area of the village since around 1700, mostly from small pits under the ownership of [[Earl Fitzwilliam]]. Deeper mining came in the mid-19th century, the town becoming ringed with collieries, [[Warren House Colliery|Warren House]] and [[Warren Vale Colliery|Warren Vale]] to the north, Stubbin, later followed by [[New Stubbin Colliery|New Stubbin]] together with its railway, the Stubbin incline, linking it to the [[Greasbrough Canal]] taking up the western side and near the [[River Don, South Yorkshire|River Don]] in Parkgate, adjacent to each other and the two mainline railways serving the town [[Aldwarke Main Colliery|Aldwarke Main]] and Roundwood. The last three collieries mentioned being the last of these to close, the last, New Stubbin closing in 1978.

To the south of Rawmarsh is [[Parkgate, South Yorkshire|Parkgate]], a suburb which had streets of terraced houses for the local workforce and which was dominated by the [[Park Gate Iron and Steel Company]]'s works. This complex of two large [[blast furnace]]s and Siemens [[open hearth furnaces]] and ancillaries was closed in the late 1970s the land remained derelict until it was redeveloped as several large retail complexes in the late 1980s.
Steel making is now concentrated at Aldwarke (New Site) which, when built in the early 1960s had [[Kaldo converter]]s to take advantage of a supply of 'blast furnace metal' but now has electric melting capacity, the furnaces being transferred from Templeborough Works, Rotherham to provide the steel. Roundwood, the 11" mill as it is known because of the maximum rolling size, also remains open, both plants with a reduced workforce.

In the 18th century pottery was also made in the town; there are several references in places and street names within the area: Claypit Lane is an example.

== Transport ==
Rawmarsh, and neighbour [[Parkgate, South Yorkshire|Parkgate]] were formerly served by two railway stations, both some distance from the village centre. [[Parkgate and Aldwarke railway station|Parkgate and Aldwarke]], on the former [[Great Central Railway]] line between [[Sheffield]] and [[Doncaster]] was the furthest away, being situated off Aldwarke Lane and was the first to close, in October 1951. The station on the [[Midland Railway]] line between [[Sheffield]] and [[Leeds]] was called [[Parkgate and Rawmarsh railway station|Parkgate and Rawmarsh]] and closed in January 1968. The nearest rail station now is [[Swinton railway station (South Yorkshire)|Swinton railway station]].

Road transport services were provided, from 1907 when [[tram]]s were introduced, by the [[Mexborough and Swinton Traction Company]]. In 1929 [[trolleybuses]] took over, the major routes being from Rotherham, through Rawmarsh to [[Mexborough]] (Route A to Adwick Road), [[Conisbrough]] (Route B to Brook Square) with three routes terminating in the township; Rawmarsh via Green Lane (Route S) which made an end-on connection and had a turning circle at the junction of [[Kilnhurst]] Road and Main Street with the route to Kilnhurst Road (Route K). There was also a short route used at busy periods to Parkgate (Route P). [[Motor buses]] were introduced with the building of the Monkwood estate in the late 1950s and to Kilnhurst via the N.C.B. estate at Sandhill. The last [[trolleybus]] ran in March 1961. Routes have been rationalised, the company fully integrated into the [[Yorkshire Traction]] and in 2005 into the [[Stagecoach Group]]. Rawmarsh is now served by Parkgate Tram-Train stop, offering regular routes into Sheffield.

The local area is serviced by a local shopping centre, five churches and nine schools – notably [[Rawmarsh Community School]] which was featured in national news after a very small number of parents rebelled against the school's [[Jamie Oliver]]-style lunches.

==See also==
*[[Listed buildings in Rawmarsh]]

==References==
((reflist))
* Rawmarsh Urban District Council, Official Handbook 1961

==External links==
*((Commons category-inline|Rawmarsh))
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509161518/http://www.st-marys-church.com/ St Mary's Church] - website of the church atop Rawmarsh Hill which serves Rawmarsh and Parkgate
*((OpenDomesday|SK4396|rawmarsh))

((South Yorkshire))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Villages in South Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in South Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in South Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Geography of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham]]

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