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((short description|British statistician))
((Refimprove |date=August 2020))
((EngvarB|date=December 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=December 2017))
((Infobox officeholder
 | honorific_prefix   = 
 | name               = Sir Rawson William Rawson
 | honorific_suffix   = [[Order of St Michael and St George|KCMG]] [[Order of the Bath|CB]]
 | image              = 
 | image_size         = 
 | image_upright      = 
 | smallimage         = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
 | smallimage_alt     =
 | alt                = 
 | caption            = 

 | office             = [[List of governors of Barbados|Governor of Barbados]] and the [[List of governors of the Windward Islands|Windward Islands]]
 | term_start         = 1868
 | term_end           = 1875
 | alongside          = <!--For two or more people serving in the same position from the same district.  (e.g. United States Senators.)-->
 | predecessor        = [[James Walker (colonial administrator)|Sir James Walker]]
 | successor          = [[Sanford Freeling]] <small>(acting)</small>

 | office2            =  [[List of governors of the Bahamas|Governor of the Bahamas]]
 | term_start2        =  1864
 | term_end2          =  1869
 | predecessor2       =  [[Charles John Bayley]]
 | successor2         =  [[James Walker (colonial administrator)|Sir James Walker]]

 | office3            =  [[Chief secretary (British Empire)|Colonial Secretary]] for the [[Cape Colony]]
 | term_start3        =  9 May 1854
 | term_end3          =  21 July 1864
 | governor3          =  [[George Grey|Sir George Grey]]<br>[[Philip Edmond Wodehouse|Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse]]
 | predecessor3       =  <!--Can be repeated up to 16 times by changing the number-->
 | successor3         =  [[Richard Southey (colonial administrator)|Richard Southey]]

 | birth_name      = 
 | birth_date      =  ((Birth date|1812|09|08|df=y))
 | birth_place     =  [[London]], United Kingdom
 | death_date      =  ((Death date and age|1899|11|20|1812|09|08|df=y))
 | death_place     =  [[London]], United Kingdom
 | death_cause     = 
 | resting_place   = 
 | resting_place_coordinates = 
 | citizenship     = 
 | nationality     = [[British people|British]]
 | party           = 
 | otherparty      =  <!--For additional political affiliations-->
 | height          =  <!-- "X cm", "X m"  or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
 | spouse          = Mary-Anne Ward (m. 1849)
 | partner         =  <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
 | relations       = 
 | children        = 8 including [[Herbert Rawson]] and [[William Rawson]]
 | parents         =  <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
 | mother          =  Jane Rawson
 | father          =  Sir William Rawson
 | relatives       = 
 | residence       = 
 | education       = [[Eton College]]
 | alma_mater      = 
 | occupation      = British government official and statistician
 | profession      = 
 | known_for       = 
 | salary          = 
 | net_worth       =  <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
 | cabinet         = 
 | committees      = 
 | portfolio       = 
 | awards          =  <!-- For civilian awards - appears as "Awards" if |mawards= is not set -->
 | signature       = 
 | signature_alt   = 
))

'''Sir Rawson William Rawson''', ((post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCMG|CB)) (8 September 1812 – 20 November 1899) was a British government official and statistician.<ref>'RAWSON, Sir Rawson William', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U190216 accessed 23 July 2013]</ref> During his tenure as a public servant in Canada he contributed to the ''Report on the affairs of the Indians in Canada'', a foundational document in the establishment of the [[Canadian Indian residential school system]].

==Early life and Board of Trade==
Rawson Rawson was born in 1812, the son of the noted [[oculist]] Sir [[William Adams (oculist)|William Adams Rawson]] (1783-1827) and Jane Eliza  Rawson (died 1844), daughter of Colonel George Rawson of Belmont House, [[County Wicklow]], MP for [[Armagh Borough (Parliament of Ireland constituency)| Armagh]] and his wife Mary  Bowes Benson. His father, son of Henry Adams, a native of [[Morwenstow]] in [[Cornwall]], had originally had the surname Adams, but had changed his name to Rawson in 1825 to commemorate his wife's father, and also gave it as a first name to his son.

[[File:St Morwenna, Morwenstow.jpg|thumb|Morwenstow, Cornwall, where Rawson's father was born]]

Rawson was educated at [[Eton College|Eton]] and entered the [[Board of Trade]] at the age of seventeen. He served as private secretary to three successive vice-presidents of the Board, [[Charles Poulett Thomson]], [[Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton|Alexander Baring]] and [[William Ewart Gladstone]].

==Colonial service (1842–1875)==
In 1842, having served Gladstone for one year he was appointed Civil Secretary to the then [[Governor-General of Canada]] Charles Bagot.((citation needed|date=September 2017)) The same year, he was appointed by Bagot – along with John Davidson and William Hepburn – as commissioner for a report regarding government policies and expenditures related to Indigenous peoples in [[Canada East]] and [[Canada West]]. Completed in 1844, the final report, titled the ''Report on the affairs of the Indians in Canada'', included a call for the introduction of industrial schools to address the noted failure of day schools to effectively keep Indigenous children from the influence of their parents. The report is regarded as a foundational document in the rationale for establishing the [[Canadian Indian residential school system]].<ref name="Leslie">((cite journal|last1=Leslie|first1=John|title=The Bagot Commission: Developing a Corporate Memory for the Indian Department|journal=Historical Papers|year=1982|volume=17|issue=1|pages=31–52|doi=10.7202/030883ar|url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/hp/1982-v17-n1-hp1117/030883ar.pdf|access-date=7 September 2017))</ref><ref name="milloy">((cite book|title=A National Crime: The Canadian Government and the Residential School System 1879–1986 |last=Milloy |first=John S. |publisher=University of Manitoba Press |year=1999 |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalcrimecan0000mill |url-access=limited |isbn=978-0-88755-646-3 ))</ref>((rp|12-17)) In 1846, following his work on the report, Rawson was appointed treasurer and paymaster-general to [[Mauritius]].<ref>Obituary, ''[[The Times]]'', 22 November 1899, p.6. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS102032758/TTDA?u=nl_earl&sid=TTDA&xid=22bf4b97 Available online] at The Times Digital Archive ((subscription)). Retrieved 31 July 2020.</ref>

In 1854 he became colonial secretary in the [[Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]],<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/21530/pages/785 The London Gazette. Issue 21530 (1854) pp. 785]</ref> which had just formed its [[Cape Parliament|first locally elected parliament]]. Soon after accepting this post, he was awarded a [[Order of the Bath|CB]], and attained considerable local fame for his overly elaborate dress of lace collars, cuffs and buttons. Whilst in the Cape, he was exceptionally involved in the study of ferns and other plants, in the establishment of the South African Museum, as well as in the details of parliamentary procedure. However, his abilities as a financier were repeatedly questioned, as the Cape government became severely indebted and eventually entered a recession. Parliamentary writer [[Richard William Murray]] records that in both Mauritius and the Cape Colony, Rawson had left the state "as nearly bankrupt as it is possible for a British dependency to be". Rawson was also notable for being among the government officials who supported the early movement for "[[responsible government]]" in the Cape, and therefore supported the handing over of power to a locally elected executive, to replace imperial officials like himself. He was retired from the post on 21 July 1864, to be succeeded by Sir [[Richard Southey (colonial administrator)|Richard Southey]].<ref>JL. McCracken: ''The Cape Parliament''. Clarendon Press: Oxford. 1967.</ref><ref>((Cite web | url=http://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2297 | title=S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science))</ref><ref>R. Kilpin: ''The Old Cape House''. p.72.</ref>

His next post was the governorship of the [[Bahamas]] in July 1864,<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/22912/pages/5371 ''The London Gazette''. Issue 22912 (1864), pp. 5371]</ref> and he was subsequently promoted to the governorship of the [[Windward Islands]] and received a ((post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCMG)). He retired from public office in 1875. He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] the year before, in 1874.<ref>((Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1874;smode=advanced;startDoc=1|access-date=2021-05-05|website=search.amphilsoc.org))</ref>

==Statistical Society and later life==
He was president of the Statistical Society (now called the [[Royal Statistical Society]]) (1884–1886), an organisation of which he was a staunch supporter. He had originally joined the Society in March 1835, and briefly held the post of editor of the Society's ''Journal'', from 1837 to 1842.

On his retirement from public office, he was re-elected to the Society's Council in 1876 and remained in the post till his death. It was largely due to the efforts of Rawson that the society received its charter of incorporation in 1887. He was also the founding president of the [[International Statistical Institute]].

==Family==
Rawson married in 1849 Sophia Mary-Anne Ward, daughter of the Reverend Henry Ward, vicar of Killinchy, [[County  Down]] and sister of the [[New Zealand]]-based politician [[Crosbie Ward]]. They had had eight children, including [[Herbert Rawson]] (1852–1924) and [[William Rawson]] (1854–1932).

((botanist|Rawson))

==References==
((Reflist))

* [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015014660875;view=1up;seq=715 Obituary] in ''[[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society]]'', LXII (1899), 677–679.

((Governors of Barbados|state=collapsed))
((Royal Statistical Society presidents))

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((DEFAULTSORT:Rawson, Rawson W.))
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:British civil servants]]
[[Category:British Mauritius people]]
[[Category:British statisticians]]
[[Category:Chief secretaries (British Empire)]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:People from London]]
[[Category:Presidents of the International Statistical Institute]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society]]
[[Category:Residential schools in Canada]]

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