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((short description|Type of chair))
((redirect|push back|the song|Push Back))
((more citations needed|date=May 2012))
[[File:Black Recliner.jpg|thumb|right|A recliner]]
[[File:Gulfstream G600, EBACE 2018, Le Grand-Saconnex (BL7C0701).jpg|thumb|Recliner aboard a business jet]]
A '''recliner''' is an [[chair|armchair]] or [[couch|sofa]] that reclines when the occupant lowers the chair's back and raises its front.<ref name=":0">((Cite journal|title=recliner|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/recliner|journal=The Free Dictionary))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/recliner|title=Definition of RECLINER|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|access-date=2017-05-20))</ref> It has a backrest that can be tilted back, and often a footrest that may be extended by means of a lever on the side of the chair, or may extend automatically when the back is reclined.

A recliner is also known as a ''reclining chair'', ''lounger'' and an ''armchair''.<ref name=":0" />

Modern recliners often feature an adjustable headrest, lumbar support and an independent footstool that adjusts with the weight and angle of the user's legs to maximize comfort.<ref>((cite web| url= http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/recliner |title=Recliner |publisher=Dictionary.com|access-date=2012-05-16))</ref> Additional features include heat, massage and vibration. Some models are [[wheelchair accessible]].

Recliners can also accommodate a near [[supine position]] for sleeping (making them [[multifunctional furniture]]), and are common in airplanes and trains, as well as in homes.

==Etymology==
The word recline was first used in the 1660s, derived ultimately from the Latin word ((lang|la|reclinare)) which itself is from the prefix ((lang|la|re-)) meaning 'back' and ((lang|la|clinare)), 'to bend'.  Beginning in 1880, the word recliner was used to describe a type of chair.<ref>((cite web| url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=recliner&allowed_in_frame=0|title=Recliner|publisher= Online Etymology Dictionary| access-date=2012-05-16))</ref>

==History==
Around 1850, the [[French people|French]] introduced a reclining camp bed that could serve as a chair, a bed and a [[chaise longue]]. It was portable and featured padded arm rests and a steel frame. In the late 1800s, many designs were found for motion chairs that were made of wood with a padded seat and back. Designs from France and America included a document or book holder.<ref name=autogenerated1>((cite web| url=https://sites.google.com/site/itsyourhistoryarchive/|title=History of the Recliner Chair|publisher= ITS YOUR HISTORY| access-date=18 March 2016))</ref> The first reclining chair was reportedly owned by [[Napoleon III]].<ref name=autogenerated1 />

Knabush and Shoemaker, two American cousins, are credited with gaining a patent on a wooden recliner. The design was the same wooden bench recliner found in other designs. Issued in 1928, the patent led to the founding of [[La-Z-Boy]]. In 1930, Knabush and Shoemaker patented an upholstered model with a mechanical movement.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

In 1959, Daniel F. Caldemeyer patented a recliner as owner of National Furniture Mfg. Co based in [[Evansville, Indiana]].<ref>((cite web |url= https://www.google.com/patents?id=xD1zAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4#v=onepage |title=Patent US3083996 - RECLINING CHAIR |first=Daniel F. |last=Caldemeyer |work=google.com |date= June 15, 1959 |access-date=11 June 2013))</ref> The design was based on the science of [[Kinetics (physics)|kinetics]] that he used while serving in the [[US Air Force]]. His design was used by [[NASA]] for the seats in Projects [[Project Mercury|Mercury]], [[Project Gemini|Gemini]] and [[Project Apollo|Apollo]].

His chairs were used in the ready room for these missions and can be seen in the movie ''[[Apollo 13 (film)|Apollo 13]]''. The [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] bought 50 of them for President [[Lyndon Baines Johnson]] as a Christmas gift. A Life magazine photo of President Johnson, post gall bladder surgery, has the President lifting his shirt and showing his scar while sitting in one of these chairs. The Presidential Seal was embossed on these chairs with one currently in the [[Smithsonian Institution]] and another at the [[Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum]]. With over 300 patents, Caldemeyer added the foot lift rest, heated seating and massage features to this chair and had the patent for the first entertainment center.

==See also==
*[[Ergonomy]]
*[[Massage chair]]
*[[Sunlounger]]

==References==
((commons category|Reclining chairs))((wiktionary))
((reflist))

[[Category:Products introduced in 1928]]
[[Category:Reclining chairs| ]]
[[Category:Accessibility]]
[[Category:Ergonomics]]

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