The Taoiseach (plural: Taoisigh) is the head of government of Ireland. Prior to the enactment of the Constitution of Ireland in 1937, the head of government was referred to as the President of the Executive Council. This office was first held by W. T. Cosgrave from 1922 to 1932, and then by Éamon de Valera from 1932 to 1937. By convention Taoisigh are numbered to include Cosgrave,[1][2][3][4] for example Micheál Martin is considered the 15th Taoiseach.

Electoral history

No. Name Born First elected   Party Constituency Left Dáil
1 W. T. Cosgrave 6 June 1880 10 August 1917[a] Cumann na nGaedheal[b]
30 May 1944
2 Éamon de Valera 14 October 1882 10 July 1917[a] Fianna Fáil[b]
23 June 1959
3 John A. Costello 20 June 1891 24 January 1933 Fine Gael[c]
18 June 1969
4 Seán Lemass 12 July 1899 18 November 1924 Fianna Fáil[b]
18 June 1969
5 Jack Lynch 15 August 1917 29 March 1948 Fianna Fáil
11 June 1981
6 Liam Cosgrave 13 April 1920 29 March 1943 Fine Gael
11 June 1981
7 Charles Haughey 16 September 1925 29 March 1957 Fianna Fáil
25 November 1992
8 Garret FitzGerald 9 February 1926 18 June 1969 Fine Gael Dublin South-East 25 November 1992
9 Albert Reynolds 3 November 1932 16 June 1977 Fianna Fáil
17 May 2002
10 John Bruton 18 May 1947 18 June 1969 Fine Gael Meath 31 October 2004
11 Bertie Ahern 12 September 1951 16 June 1977 Fianna Fáil
1 February 2011
12 Brian Cowen 10 January 1960 14 June 1984 Fianna Fáil Laois–Offaly 1 February 2011
13 Enda Kenny 24 April 1951 12 November 1975 Fine Gael
14 January 2020
14 Leo Varadkar 18 January 1979 24 May 2007 Fine Gael Dublin West
15 Micheál Martin 1 August 1960 15 June 1989 Fianna Fáil Cork South-Central

Periods in office

No. Name Entered office Left office Elected Period   Party
1 W. T. Cosgrave 6 December 1922[d] 9 March 1932 5 terms – Cumann na nGaedheal
2 Éamon de Valera 9 March 1932[e][f] 18 February 1948 6 terms[g] 1st time Fianna Fáil
3 John A. Costello 18 February 1948 13 June 1951 1 term 1st time Fine Gael
(2) Éamon de Valera 13 June 1951 2 June 1954 1 term 2nd time Fianna Fáil
(3) John A. Costello 2 June 1954 20 March 1957 1 term 2nd time Fine Gael
(2) Éamon de Valera 20 March 1957 23 June 1959 1 term 3rd time Fianna Fáil
4 Seán Lemass 23 June 1959 10 November 1966 3 terms – Fianna Fáil
5 Jack Lynch 10 November 1966 14 March 1973 2 terms 1st time Fianna Fáil
6 Liam Cosgrave 14 March 1973 5 July 1977 1 term – Fine Gael
(5) Jack Lynch 5 July 1977 11 December 1979 1 term 2nd time Fianna Fáil
7 Charles Haughey 11 December 1979 30 June 1981 1 term 1st time Fianna Fáil
8 Garret FitzGerald 30 June 1981 9 March 1982 1 term 1st time Fine Gael
(7) Charles Haughey 9 March 1982 14 December 1982 1 term 2nd time Fianna Fáil
(8) Garret FitzGerald 14 December 1982 10 March 1987 1 term 2nd time Fine Gael
(7) Charles Haughey 10 March 1987 11 February 1992 2 terms 3rd time Fianna Fáil
9 Albert Reynolds 11 February 1992 15 December 1994 1 term – Fianna Fáil
10 John Bruton 15 December 1994 26 June 1997 1 term – Fine Gael
11 Bertie Ahern 26 June 1997 7 May 2008 3 terms – Fianna Fáil
12 Brian Cowen 7 May 2008 9 March 2011 1 term – Fianna Fáil
13 Enda Kenny 9 March 2011 14 June 2017 2 terms – Fine Gael
14 Leo Varadkar 14 June 2017 27 June 2020 1 term 1st time Fine Gael
15 Micheál Martin 27 June 2020 17 December 2022 1 term – Fianna Fáil
(14) Leo Varadkar 17 December 2022 Incumbent 1 term 2nd time Fine Gael

Cumulative days served

No. Name First entered office Finally left office Periods Cumulative days[h]
2 Éamon de Valera 9 March 1932[e] 23 June 1959 3 7,735 (21 years, 2 months)[i][j]
11 Bertie Ahern 26 June 1997 7 May 2008 1 3,968 (10 years, 10 months)
1 W. T. Cosgrave 6 December 1922 9 March 1932 1 3,381 (9 years, 3 months)[k]
5 Jack Lynch 10 November 1966 11 December 1979 2 3,205 (8 years, 9 months)
4 Seán Lemass 23 June 1959 10 November 1966 1 2,697 (7 years, 5 months)
7 Charles Haughey 11 December 1979 11 February 1992 3 2,646 (7 years, 3 months)[h]
13 Enda Kenny 9 March 2011 14 June 2017 1 2,289 (6 years, 3 months)[h]
3 John A. Costello 18 February 1948 20 March 1957 2 2,233 (6 years, 1 month)
8 Garret FitzGerald 30 June 1981 10 March 1987 2 1,799 (4 years, 11 months)
6 Liam Cosgrave 14 March 1973 5 July 1977 1 1,574 (4 years, 4 months)
14 Leo Varadkar 14 June 2017 Incumbent 2 1,563 (4 years, 3 months and 11 days)[h]
9 Albert Reynolds 11 February 1992 15 December 1994 1 1,038 (2 years, 10 months)[h]
12 Brian Cowen 7 May 2008 9 March 2011 1 1,036 (2 years, 10 months)
10 John Bruton 15 December 1994 26 June 1997 1 924 (2 years, 6 months)
15 Micheál Martin 27 June 2020 17 December 2022 1 904 (2 years, 5 months)

Length of individual periods

No. Name Entered office Left office Period No. Period length Length
in days[h]
2 Éamon de Valera 9 March 1932[e] 18 February 1948 1 15 years, 11 months, 16 days 5,824
11 Bertie Ahern 26 June 1997 7 May 2008 1 10 years, 10 months, 11 days 3,968
1 W. T. Cosgrave 6 December 1922 9 March 1932 1 9 years, 3 months, 4 days 3,381[k]
4 Seán Lemass 23 June 1959 11 November 1966 1 7 years, 4 months, 17 days 2,697
5 Jack Lynch 11 November 1966 14 March 1973 1 6 years, 4 months, 4 days 2,316
13 Enda Kenny 9 March 2011 14 June 2017 1 6 years, 3 months, 5 days 2,289[h]
7 Charles Haughey 10 March 1987 11 February 1992 3 4 years, 11 months, 1 day 1,799[h]
6 Liam Cosgrave 14 March 1973 5 July 1977 1 4 years, 3 months, 22 days 1,574
8 Garret FitzGerald 14 December 1982 10 March 1987 2 4 years, 2 months, 27 days 1,547
3 John A. Costello 18 February 1948 13 June 1951 1 3 years, 3 months, 24 days 1,211
14 Leo Varadkar 14 June 2017 27 June 2020 1 3 years and 13 days 1,109[h]
Éamon de Valera 13 June 1951 2 June 1954 2 2 years, 11 months, 19 days 1,085
9 Albert Reynolds 11 February 1992 15 December 1994 1 2 years, 10 months, 4 days 1,038[h]
12 Brian Cowen 7 May 2008 9 March 2011 1 2 years, 10 months, 2 days 1,036
John A. Costello 2 June 1954 20 March 1957 2 2 years, 9 months, 18 days 1,022
10 John Bruton 15 December 1994 26 June 1997 1 2 years, 6 months, 11 days 924
15 Micheál Martin 27 June 2020 17 December 2022 1 2 years, 5 months and 21 days 904
Jack Lynch 5 July 1977 11 December 1979 2 2 years, 5 months, 6 days 889
Éamon de Valera 20 March 1957 23 June 1959 3 2 years, 3 months, 3 days 825
Charles Haughey 11 December 1979 30 June 1981 1 1 year, 6 months, 19 days 567
Leo Varadkar 17 December 2022 Incumbent 2 1 year, 2 months and 26 days 453
Charles Haughey 9 March 1982 14 December 1982 2 9 months, 5 days 280
Garret FitzGerald 30 June 1981 9 March 1982 1 8 months, 9 days 252

Longevity

No. Name Born Died Age as of
14 March 2024
6 Liam Cosgrave 13 April 1920 4 October 2017 97 years, 174 days
2 Éamon de Valera 14 October 1882 29 August 1975 92 years, 319 days
1 W. T. Cosgrave 6 June 1880 16 November 1965 85 years, 163 days
8 Garret FitzGerald 9 February 1926 19 May 2011 85 years, 99 days
3 John A. Costello 20 June 1891 5 January 1976 84 years, 199 days
5 Jack Lynch 15 August 1917 20 October 1999 82 years, 66 days
9 Albert Reynolds 3 November 1932 21 August 2014 81 years, 291 days
7 Charles Haughey 16 September 1925 13 June 2006 80 years, 270 days
10 John Bruton 18 May 1947 6 February 2024 76 years, 264 days
13 Enda Kenny 24 April 1951 72 years, 325 days
11 Bertie Ahern 12 September 1951 72 years, 184 days
4 Seán Lemass 12 July 1899 11 May 1971 71 years, 303 days
12 Brian Cowen 10 January 1960 64 years, 64 days
15 Micheál Martin 1 August 1960 63 years, 226 days
14 Leo Varadkar 18 January 1979 45 years, 56 days

Age on entering/leaving office

No. Name Born Entered office Age Left office Age
14 Leo Varadkar 18 January 1979 14 June 2017 38 years, 4 months[l] Incumbent –
1 W. T. Cosgrave 6 June 1880 6 December 1922[m] 42 years, 6 months[m] 9 March 1932 51 years, 9 months
11 Bertie Ahern 12 September 1951 26 June 1997 45 years, 9 months 7 May 2008 56 years, 7 months
10 John Bruton 18 May 1947 15 December 1994 47 years, 6 months 26 June 1997 50 years, 1 month
12 Brian Cowen 10 January 1960 7 May 2008 48 years, 3 months 9 March 2011 51 years, 1 month
5 Jack Lynch 15 August 1917 10 November 1966 49 years, 2 months 11 December 1979 62 years, 3 months
2 Éamon de Valera 14 October 1882 9 March 1932[e] 49 years, 4 months[n] 23 June 1959 76 years, 8 months
6 Liam Cosgrave 13 April 1920 14 March 1973 52 years, 11 months 5 July 1977 57 years, 2 months
7 Charles Haughey 16 September 1925 11 December 1979 54 years, 2 months 11 February 1992 66 years, 4 months
8 Garret FitzGerald 9 February 1926 30 June 1981 55 years, 4 months 10 March 1987 61 years, 1 month
3 John A. Costello 20 June 1891 18 February 1948 56 years, 7 months 20 March 1957 65 years, 9 months
9 Albert Reynolds 3 November 1932 11 February 1992 59 years, 3 months 15 December 1994 62 years, 1 month
13 Enda Kenny 24 April 1951 9 March 2011 59 years, 10 months 14 June 2017 66 years, 1 month
15 Micheál Martin 1 August 1960 27 June 2020 59 years, 10 months 17 December 2022 62 years, 4 months
4 Seán Lemass 12 July 1899 23 June 1959 59 years, 11 months 10 November 1966 67 years, 3 months

Cabinet positions

Listed here are cabinet positions held either before or during holding the office of Taoiseach or President of the Executive Council.

No. Name Before or after position of Taoiseach While Taoiseach
1 W. T. Cosgrave Minister for Local Government (1919–1922)
Minister for Finance (1922–1923)
Chairman of the Provisional Government (1922)
President of Dáil Éireann (1922) 		Minister for Finance (1922–1923)
Minister for Defence (1924)[o]
Minister for External Affairs (1927)[o]
2 Éamon de Valera President of Dáil Éireann (1919–1922) Minister for External Affairs (1932–1948)
Minister for Education (1939–1940)[o]
Minister for Local Government and Public Health (1941)[o]
3 John A. Costello Attorney General (1926–1932) Minister for Health (1951)[o]
4 Seán Lemass Minister for Industry and Commerce
(1932–1939, 1941–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959)
Minister for Supplies (1939–1945)
Tánaiste (1945–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959) 		Minister for Justice (1964)[o]
5 Jack Lynch Minister for the Gaeltacht (1957)
Minister for Education (1957–1959)
Minister for Industry and Commerce (1959–1965)
Minister for Finance 1965–1966) 		Minister for Education (1968)
6 Liam Cosgrave Minister for External Affairs (1954–1957) Minister for Defence (1976)[o]
7 Charles Haughey Minister for Justice (1961–1964)
Minister for Agriculture (1964–1966)
Minister for Finance (1966–1970)
Minister for Health (1977–1979)
Minister for Social Welfare (1977–1979) 		Minister for Education (1982)[o]
Minister for the Gaeltacht (1987–1992)
Minister for Defence (1990–1991)[o]
8 Garret FitzGerald Minister for Foreign Affairs (1973–1977) Minister for Trade, Commerce and Tourism (1983)[o]
9. Albert Reynolds Minister for Posts and Telegraphs (1979–1981)
Minister for Transport 1980–1981)
Minister for Industry and Energy (1982)
Minister for Industry and Commerce (1987–1988)
Minister for Finance (1988–1991) 		Minister for Energy (1992–1993)[o]
10 John Bruton Minister for Finance (1981–1982, 1986–1987)
Minister for Industry and Energy (1982–1983)
Minister for Industry, Trade, Commerce and Tourism (1983–1986)
Minister for the Public Service (1987) 		Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications (1996)[o]
11 Bertie Ahern Minister for Labour (1987–1991)
Minister for Finance (1991–1994)
Minister for Industry and Commerce (1993)[o]
Tánaiste (1994)
Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht (1994)
12 Brian Cowen Minister for Labour (1992–1993)
Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications (1993–1994)
Minister for Health and Children (1997–2000)
Minister for Foreign Affairs (2000–2004)
Minister for Finance (2004–2008)
Tánaiste (2007–2008) 		Minister for Foreign Affairs (2011)[o]
13 Enda Kenny Minister for Tourism and Trade (1994–1997) Minister for Defence (2014)[o]
Minister for Defence (2016–2017)
14 Leo Varadkar Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport (2011–2014)
Minister for Health (2014–2016)
Minister for Social Protection (2016–2017)
Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment(2020–2022)
Tánaiste (2020–2022) 		Minister for Defence (2017–2020)
15 Micheál Martin Minister for Education and Science (1997–2000)
Minister for Health and Children (2000–2004)
Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment (2004–2008)
Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011)
Minister for Foreign Affairs (2022–present)
Minister for Defence(2022–present)
Tánaiste (2022–present) 		Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (July 2020 and Aug. 2020)[o]

Education

No. Name Second level Third level
1 W. T. Cosgrave St. Joseph's Secondary, Fairview none
2 Éamon de Valera
3 John A. Costello
University College Dublin
4 Seán Lemass O'Connell School University College Cork
5 Jack Lynch North Monastery
6 Liam Cosgrave
King's Inns
7 Charles Haughey St. Joseph's Secondary, Fairview University College Dublin
8 Garret FitzGerald Belvedere College University College Dublin
9 Albert Reynolds Summerhill College none
10 John Bruton Clongowes Wood College
11 Bertie Ahern St Aidan's C.B.S. College of Commerce, Rathmines
12 Brian Cowen Cistercian College, Roscrea
13 Enda Kenny St Gerald's College, Castlebar
14 Leo Varadkar The King's Hospital Trinity College Dublin
15 Micheál Martin Coláiste Chríost Rí University College Cork

Living officeholders

There are currently four living former Taoisigh:

Taoiseach Term of office Date of birth
Bertie Ahern 1997–2008 (1951-09-12) 12 September 1951 (age 72)
Brian Cowen 2008–2011 (1960-01-10) 10 January 1960 (age 64)
Enda Kenny 2011–2017 (1951-04-24) 24 April 1951 (age 72)
Micheál Martin 2020–2022 (1960-08-01) 1 August 1960 (age 63)

Timeline of living/deceased officeholders

Date Living Deceased Notes
6 February 2024 5 10 John Bruton dies
27 June 2020 6 9 Micheál Martin accedes
4 October 2017 5 9 Liam Cosgrave dies
14 June 2017 6 8 Leo Varadkar accedes
21 August 2014 5 8 Albert Reynolds dies
19 May 2011 6 7 Garret FitzGerald dies
9 March 2011 7 6 Enda Kenny accedes
7 May 2008 6 6 Brian Cowen accedes
13 June 2006 5 6 Charles Haughey dies
20 October 1999 6 5 Jack Lynch dies
26 June 1997 7 4 Bertie Ahern accedes
15 December 1994 6 4 John Bruton accedes
11 February 1992 5 4 Albert Reynolds accedes
30 June 1981 4 4 Garret FitzGerald accedes
11 December 1979 3 4 Charles Haughey accedes
6 January 1976 2 4 John A. Costello dies
29 August 1975 3 3 Éamon de Valera dies
14 March 1973 4 2 Liam Cosgrave accedes
16 May 1971 3 2 Seán Lemass dies
10 November 1966 4 1 Jack Lynch accedes
11 May 1965 3 1 W. T. Cosgrave dies
23 June 1959 4 0 Seán Lemass accedes
18 February 1948 3 0 John A. Costello accedes
9 March 1932 2 0 Éamon de Valera accedes
6 December 1922 1 0 W. T. Cosgrave accedes

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b First elected to the British House of Commons in 1917 but did not take his seat.
  2. ^ a b c First elected as member of Sinn Féin.
  3. ^ First elected as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála.
  4. ^ Cosgrave also headed the Irish Government from 22 August 1922, during the transitional period before the state became officially independent on 6 December 1922 (See Irish heads of government since 1919).
  5. ^ a b c d De Valera became Taoiseach on 29 December 1937 under the Constitution of Ireland.
  6. ^ De Valera also headed the pre-independence revolutionary Irish Government from 1 April 1919 to 9 January 1922 (See Irish heads of government since 1919).
  7. ^ De Valera also served 3 terms as President of the Executive Council.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Days shown include five periods when a Taoiseach resigned but continued as Acting Taoiseach, as required by the Article 28.11.1 of the Constitution. These periods are 13 days for Charles Haughey (from 29 June to 12 July 1989), 57 days for Albert Reynolds (29 days from 14 December 1992 to 12 January 1993, and 28 days from 17 November to 15 December 1994), 57 days for Enda Kenny (from 10 March to 6 May 2016), and 128 days for Leo Varadkar from 20 February to 27 June 2020.[5]
  9. ^ De Valera served as Taoiseach for 5,613 days (15 years, 4 months).
  10. ^ De Valera also led the pre-independence revolutionary Ministry of Dáil Éireann from 1 April 1919 to 9 January 1922 (See Irish heads of government since 1919). Including these 1,015 extra days would raise his cumulative days served to 8,750 days (23 years, 11 months, 16 days).
  11. ^ a b Cosgrave also led the Provisional Government from 22 August 1922, during the transitional period before the state became independent on 6 December 1922 (See Irish heads of government since 1919). Including these 106 extra days would raise his cumulative days served to 3,487 days (9 years, 6 months, 19 days).
  12. ^ Three leaders entered office when younger than Varadkar, during or after the 1916 Easter Rising, but before British rule officially ended, and the Irish Free State came into existence on 6 December 1922. The youngest was Michael Collins, aged 31 years, 3 months when he became Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State on 16 January 1922. Éamon de Valera was aged 36 years, 5 months when he became President of Dáil Éireann on 1 April 1919. Patrick Pearse was also aged 36 years, 5 months when he became President of the Irish Republic proclaimed on Easter Monday, 24 April 1916. (See Irish heads of government since 1919 and Easter Rising).
  13. ^ a b Cosgrave entered office as Chairman of the Provisional Government on 22 August 1922, when aged 42 years, 2 months. The age given in the table is his age when the Irish Free State was established on 6 December 1922 and he was appointed as President of the Executive Council. (See Irish heads of government since 1919).
  14. ^ De Valera also headed the pre-independence revolutionary Irish Government from 1 April 1919 to 9 January 1922, thus entering the office of President of Dáil Éireann when aged 36 years, 5 months (he was aged 38 years, 10 months when the office was renamed President of the Irish Republic on 26 August 1921). The table shows his age when he became President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State on 9 March 1932. Under the new 1937 Constitution, his title changed to Taoiseach on 29 December 1937, when he was aged 55 years, 2 months. (See also Irish heads of government since 1919 and Éamon de Valera).
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Held between the resignation or death of a member of the cabinet and the appointment of another member to the position.

References

  1. ^ "Coughlan new Tánaiste in Cowen Cabinet". The Irish Times. 7 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
  2. ^ "Taoiseach reveals new front bench". RTÉ News. 7 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
  3. ^ "Cowen confirmed as Taoiseach". BreakingNews.ie. 7 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.
  4. ^ "Former Taoisigh". Department of the Taoiseach. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  5. ^ Oireachtas Library and Research Service (28 June 2016). "Caretaker governments and caretaker conventions" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017. (Page 2) … Article 28.11.1 … (Page 4) … Box 1. Irish Caretaker Governments … 2016 … 1994 … 1992 … 1989

External links

Categories