History
16th century - 20th century: Origins
Many different subgenres of regional Mexican have their origins in the 16th to 18th centuries. Indigenous, African, and Spanish instruments and styles mixed together to create these genres of music.[6] For example, mariachi originated in the state of Jalisco around the 18th century.[7] The mariachi genre is distinguished by its use of the vihuela, guitarrón, trumpet, and violin.[8]
Other genres developed later in the 20th century. An example being the ranchera. Ranchera is a traditional style of regional Mexican formed during the Mexican Revolution.[9] Today, it can be performed in the vast majority of regional Mexican subgenres in several different time signatures.
1940s - 1960s: Rise of Mariachi
The popularity of regional Mexican music, increased internationally from the 1940s to 1960s with the addition of the many regional Mexican soundtracks used in films.[3] Pedro Infante was one of many who helped popularize the genre in the 1950s during the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema.[10] Regional Mexican boleros, specifically boleros accompanied with mariachi, were also popular around this time. Beginning in the 1940s, regional Mexican music gained popularity in Chile through the use of radio and television.
1970s - 1980s: Popularity of Mariachi
In the 1970s, the mariachi genre and ranchera style began to increasingly spread into the Unites States. Many popular mariachi singers during this time include Vicente Fernández and Antonio Aguilar.
In the 1980s, the Mexican singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel popularized the mariachi ballad along with Angélica María. Musical groups like Ramón Ayala y Los Bravos del Norte, Los Cadetes de Linares, and Los Invasores de Nuevo León from the northeastern states of Mexico help expand the popularity of norteño music.[11] The different, but similar genres were grouped under the term "regional Mexican"[12] and grew in popularity in the United States in the 1980s, due to higher concentrations of Mexican population. In 1984, Billboard released a Regional Mexican Albums chart in their magazine. Vicente Fernández's album, Por Tu Maldito Amor (1989), became the longest running number one regional Mexican album of the decade in the United States.
1990s: Golden Age of Tejano
In the 1990s, various subgenres of regional Mexican music remained popular and gained popularity all over Mexico and the United States. The grupero genre became one of the most popular regional Mexican genres in the Unites States. This was due to its unique use of electric guitars, keyboard, and drums.[13] Popular bands in the genre included Los Bukis, Los Temerarios, and Bronco. Other regional Mexican acts like American singer Selena were known for fusing the style with Tejano music. Tejano music soon became the most prominent in the genre and one of the fastest-growing music genres in the United States. The “Golden Age of Tejano” is considered to have ended March 31, 1995, when Selena was shot and killed.[14] Selena's music led the genre's revival and made it marketable for the first time.
In 1992, Chalino Sanchez, a Mexican singer who influenced the narcocorrido genre was murdered outside a nightclub.[15] In 1994 in the U.S., the billboard chart for Regional Mexican music was created and mostly included technocumbias and grupero ballads. "La Niña Fresa" by Banda Zeta was the first number-one song included on the chart.[16] The decade also saw the rise in popularity of Sinaloan banda with groups such as Banda El Recodo, La Arrolladora Banda El Limón, and Banda Los Recoditos. Technobanda, a hybrid of Sinaloan banda and grupero which was developed in the late 1970s in the Mexican state of Nayarit, had its heyday in the 1990s with acts such as Banda Machos, Banda Maguey, and Banda Arkángel R-15. Bands such as Conjunto Primavera, Los Rieleros del Norte, and Polo Urías y su Máquina Norteña helped spread the popularity of the norteño with sax sound. A country en Español popularity boom, led by the band Caballo Dorado, reached the central regions of Mexico during the 1990s. In the late 1990s, Mexican singer Alejandro Fernández was known for mixing pop music and mariachi[17] in his Mexican pop songs.
2000s: Duranguense and Tierra Caliente sounds
In the 2000s, established regional Mexican artists continued to release music including California-based norteño band Los Tigres de Norte, a band that has released music since the 1970s.[18][19] That same decade, some new regional Mexican groups were formed, including Sinaloan banda group Banda MS.
In the mid to late 2000s, duranguense was one of the most prevalent genres.[20] Duranguense was further evolved with its own "Chicago sound" as Mexican American artists from the area incorpated different rhythms and styles into the genre.[21] [22] Duranguense bands include Grupo Montéz de Durango, K-Paz de la Sierra, and Patrulla 81. The decade also saw some mainstream exposure for Tierra Caliente music[23] with acts such as La Dinastía de Tuzantla, Beto y sus Canarios, and Tierra Cali.
2010s: Heavy Sinaloan Influence
In the 2010s, regional Mexican music continued to be pioneered, although it remained less popular than decades before. Norteño-Banda, also known as norteño with tuba, had its most successful run during the early to mid 2010s[24] with artists such as Larry Hernández, Gerardo Ortíz, Calibre 50, and Voz de Mando. Mexican singer-songwriter Ariel Camacho led the sierreño style with Los Plebes del Rancho. Camacho would go on to inspire many other later regional Mexican artists before and after his death in 2015.[3] In 2017, Mexican singer Christian Nodal charted on the Regional Mexican and Latin Billboard charts in the United States with his single "Adiós Amor".[25] Nodal is known for his fusion of mariachi and norteño music.[26] In 2019, norteño band Los Tucanes de Tijuana became Coachella's first norteño act.[27] Another norteño band, Los Tigres de Norte broke the record of paid attendance for a Rodeo Houston show on March 10, 2019, with 75,586 concert tickets sold.[28][29]
2020s: Global Resurgence
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In the early 2020s, the regional Mexican genre had a global resurgence steadily topping charts and becoming more listened to. According to Spotify, Mexican music streams more than doubled since 2019 to reach 5.6 billion.[30] Some of the most listened to regional Mexican artists in the 2020s include Peso Pluma, Natanael Cano, Junior H, Grupo Frontera, Banda MS, Ivan Cornejo, and Grupo Firme.[4] Many regional Mexican artists have reached millions of streams and high chart success including Peso Pluma[31] whose song with Eslabon Armando titled "Ella Baila Sola" reached No. 4 on the U.S.'s Billboard's mainstream pop chart, the Hot 100. Popular genres of these new artists include corridos tumbados, or trap corridos.[32][33] In 2023, artists of other Latin music genres including Bad Bunny, Becky G, and Shakira released songs and albums with regional Mexican music.[3][34]
