Powys is a county and preserved county in Wales. It covers an area of 5,180 km2 (2,000 sq mi)[1] and in 2021 the population was approximately 133,600.[2]
The Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales was established in 2002 and given statutory status in 2022. It is administered by Cadw, the historic environment agency of the Welsh Government.[3][4]Elisabeth Whittle described Cadw as having a "somewhat special and guiding role" in the preservation of historic parks and gardens, since they are "an integral part of Welsh archaeological and architectural heritage".[5] The register includes just under 400 sites, ranging from gardens of private houses, to cemeteries and public parks. Parks and gardens are listed at one of three grades, matching the grading system used for listed buildings. Grade I is the highest grade, for sites of exceptional interest; Grade II*, the next highest, denotes parks and gardens of great quality; while Grade II denotes sites of special interest.[6]
There are 51 registered parks and gardens in Powys. Five are listed at Grade I, 16 at Grade II*, and 30 at Grade II.
Country house garden[7] The grounds of the late seventeenth-century house are divided into several walled garden enclosures. To the south of the house is an informal area of ponds, trees and shrubs.[8]
Park and country house garden[9][10] The layout of the park dates from a rebuilding of the house in 1761. There was an ornamental garden here in the 1770s, however, the present garden was laid out following another rebuilding of the house in 1876.[11]
Country house garden[14] The River Lugg marks the southern boundary of the estate which has early nineteenth-century wooded pleasure grounds and gardens.[15]
Garden[18] The estate of Pont-y-Wal House, with its eighteenth and nineteenth century parkland, was bought in 1913 as a hospital site. The hospital, originally a tuberculosis sanatorium, was built c. 1913–1920 by Edwin T. Hall and Stanley Hall.[19]
Park and gardens[20][21][22] The house (built c. 1860) is located within a park of around 40 acres (16 ha). The formal gardens which lie to the south and south-east of the house, and the walled kitchen garden to the north, are believed to be contemporary with the house.[23]
Park and country house garden[24][25] The late eighteenth to early nineteenth-century landscape park and garden covers about 60 acres (24 ha) around the house (built 1773–74).[26]
Park and country house garden[27][28] The gardens, which are located around the house and also in areas to its north and north-west, are within a park that covers about 200 acres (81 ha).[29]
Country house garden and kitchen garden[30][31] The gardens are contemporary with the house c. 1870 by G. F. Bodley. To the west of the house are the remains of a motte-and-bailey castle, designated as a scheduled monument.[32][33]
Park and country house garden[34] The site is located at the confluence of the rivers Llynfell and Tawe, with the house to the west and the 40-acre (16 ha) park to the east of the Tawe. The gardens were laid out for Adelina Patti who bought the estate in 1878.[35]
Park and gardens[36][37][38] The park of about 10 acres (4.0 ha) and lies to the south of the nineteenth-century house, By the 1920s an Arts and Crafts terraced garden had been established.[39]
Park and gardens[40][41][42] The appearance of the park is thought to be contemporary with the building of the house in the 1840s. Development of the gardens followed the remodelling of the house in the 1870s, and saw the erection of a large conservatory that was later replaced with stone Italianate garden terraces.[43]
Park and gardens[44][45][46] The house (built c. 1835) and gardens, the present layout of which are believed to date from the late nineteenth century, are in the north-east of the estate overlooking a small park.[47]
Park and gardens[48][49][50] The house was built in c. 1828 and lies within a small, picturesque landscape park that was created at this time. A large programme of tree planting took place in the park and pleasure grounds during the 1880s.[51]
Park and kitchen garden[52][53] The walled garden may be associated with an earlier house of 1717. The other buildings and structures in the park, which covers about 200 acres (81 ha), are contemporary with the mansion built c. 1810 by John Claudius Loudon, but demolished in 1947.[54][55]
Park and gardens[56][57][58] The park surrounding the house covers about 15 acres (6.1 ha). The gardens, which lie to the west and north of the house, had taken on their present form by the 1880s.[59]
Park and gardens[63][64][65] The house was designed by Joseph Bromfield and built c. 1800. The surrounding pleasure grounds and gardens are believed to be contemporary with it and cover about 12 acres (4.9 ha) within the parkland of approximately 100 acres (40 ha).[66][67]
Park and gardens[68][69][70] The house (since demolished) at Glanusk Park was built for Ironmaster Sir Joseph Bailey on land he bought in 1825. He incorporated the neighbouring estate of Penmyarth in 1831 with its grounds being used as a deer park.[71]
Country house garden and kitchen garden[72][73] The gardens were laid out in c. 1845 but were developed mainly following the construction of a new house in the 1880s.[74][75]
Kitchen garden and woodland garden[76][77] The wooded pleasure grounds and walled garden are contemporary with the late Georgian country house built c. 1830–1835 for the Rev. Charles Griffith.[78][79]
Park and gardens[80][81][82]William Emes (c. 1174), Henry Avray Tipping (1930–1933) and Sylvia Crowe (1972) are all associated with what Cadw describes as "one of the most important parks and gardens in Powys" which dates from at least 1500.[83]
Park and gardens[84][85] The estate dates to the twelfth century with the establishment of a Cistercian abbey, to the north of which were two deer parks. The monastic ruins were incorporated into the formal gardens of the nineteenth-century country house.[86]
Park and gardens[87][88][89] The landscape park and gardens of an eighteenth and early nineteenth century country mansion. Notable features are the lime avenue in the park and the exceptionally well preserved walled kitchen garden.[90]
Country house garden[91] The grounds of the medieval castle contain the terraced formal garden, thought to be contemporary with construction of the manor house in c. 1660, and the later pleasure grounds.[92]
Park and gardens[93][94] The high-Victorian formal garden was designed by Edward Kemp and is contemporary with the Gothic style house built in the 1850s. A model farm was built to the north of the house and to the south-east of the main garden is a walled kitchen garden.[95][96]
Public parks[97][98] The group of parks, which includes The Lake and Common, Memorial Gardens, Montpelier Park, Rock Park and Temple Gardens, are associated with the development of Llandrindod Wells as a nineteenth-century spa town.[99]
Park and country house garden[104][105] The park may have had origins as a medieval deer park and once covered an area of about 382 acres (155 ha), though much of the west side of the park has been lost to re-development. Around the house, built in 1838, is a small ornamental pleasure ground.[106]
Country house garden and kitchen garden[107][108] The early eighteenth-century formal terraced garden retains some of its original ornamental features.[109]
Country house garden and ornamental garden[110][111] The gardens are attributed to Clough Williams-Ellis who remodelled the house in the 1910s and incorporated the nineteenth-century tree planting and ha-ha into the layout. The walled garden north of the Hall has been redeveloped since the 1990s to include a series of themed gardens.[112]
Country house garden and walled garden[116][117] The gardens of the late-Georgian house cover about 3 acres (1.2 ha). To the south of the house are a series of grassy terraces, a castellated stone gazebo and a grotto.[118]
Park and gardens[119][120][121] The 300-acre (120 ha) landscape park forms the Picturesque setting to the grade II listed mock castle built c. 1830–1840 though later remodelled.[122]
Park and gardens[123][124][125] The mid-Victorian house, now a hotel, is within a park of about 100 acres (40 ha) that is bisected by Offa's Dyke. An area of the gardens to the south of the house is now used as a caravan site.[126]
Deer park and gardens[127][128][129] In the south-east of the registered area is the gentry house of Old Gwernyfed and its seventeenth-century formal gardens. Its former deer park, to the north-west, became the landscape park of the house designed by William Eden Nesfield in 1877–1880 which became a school in 1950.[130][131]
Park and country house garden[132][133] Pencerrig was the home of landscape painter Thomas Jones (1742–1803) who used the estate and surrounding landscape as inspiration for his works. He also kept records of expenditure and works undertaken on the grounds which included an extensive period of replanting in 1792–1796.[134]
Park and country house garden[135][136] The house was designed by Anthony Salvin for Colonel Lloyd Vaughan Watkins in 1846–1848 at which time the gardens, which included a series of Italianate terraces, were laid out. A golf course had replaced the pleasure grounds and areas of parkland.[137]
Park and gardens[138][139][140] A large part of the park lies to the south of the A40 road. The house and largely informal gardens lie between the road and the River Usk over which there is a bridge of c. 1660. The kitchen garden lies to the north of the river.[141]
Country house garden[142] The house was designed and built by William Eden Nesfield in 1873–74 and the gardens and grounds were laid out at this time or soon after.[143]
Cottage garden[144] The garden of the early-eighteenth century house was re-designed in the 1930s and laid out with 'garden rooms' that were rich in botanical interest.[145]
Public park and garden[146][147] The landscape park was created from c. 1840 to provide a fine setting for the mansion. Since 1948, when the property came in to civic ownership, parts of the gardens have become sports fields and a housing development, and the remains of the pleasure grounds became a public park.[148][149]
Terraced garden[150] Cadw describes this site as "the finest surviving baroque late seventeenth-century/ early eighteenth-century garden terraces in the United Kingdom" and regards it to be "of exceptional historic and horticultural interest".[151]
Woodland garden[152] The site is noted for its late Victorian arboretum which was planted c. 1870–1896 when the lodge was the only building on the site. There is a more formal area of garden around the house, which was built c. 1906.[153]
Cemetery garden[154] It is probable that the churchyard contained yew trees in the medieval era and these remain an important feature of the layout with some of those present thought to date from the seventeenth century.[155]
Park and gardens[161][162][163] The gardens were laid out in 1850 by William Andrews Nesfield who probably incorporated some of the existing ornamental layout into his design.[164]
Garden[165] The area to the north of the seventeenth-century gentry house includes a scheduled monument consisting of two medieval fishponds. The Arts and Crafts style formal gardens were laid out in the early twentieth century.[166]
Park and country house garden[167][168] The form of the present garden is though to have been laid out between 1890 and 1920 in a style typical of the period. The site is registered for the relict garden features associated with the mainly Tudor and Jacobean house.[169]
Park and gardens[170][171][172] The largely wooded area to the north of the house is the oldest part of the park and was probably developed when the house was built in the early seventeenth century. The house and grounds were re-modelled c. 1840 by Thomas Penson for John Winder Lyon-Winder.[173]
Whittle, Elisabeth (1992). The Historic Gardens of Wales: An Introduction to Parks and Gardens in the History of Wales. Cardiff: Cadw. ISBN978-0-117-01578-4.
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